中国广义韧革菌属与广义盘革菌属的分类与系统发育研究

Stereum s.l. and Aleurodiscus s.l. belong to Basidiomycota, Russulales, Stereaceae and are the two biggest and most common genera in Stereaceae. They grow mainly on dead twigs and fallen trunks and are important members of wood-decaying fungi. Although numerous names have been recorded (911 names in Index Fungorum), most species have not been sequenced and re-studied, the taxonomic statuses of many species are uncertain and the intra- and inter-generic phylogenies are still unresolved. Moreover, there are no comprehensive and systematic studies on these two genera in China. In this project, we are going to investigate and collect these fungi in all around China and employ morphological and molecular methods to study them in lab. Through this project, we will 1) find out all the species and their distributions in China; 2) resolve the taxonomic problems of some uncertain species; 3) and discuss and clarify the intra-generic phylogenies of the two genera and their phylogenetic relationships with allied genera in Stereaceae. The results will increase our knowledge about corticioid fungi in China.

广义韧革菌属和广义盘革菌属隶属于担子菌门、红菇目、韧革菌科，它们是该科中最常见且包含种类最多的两个属，主要生长在枯枝和倒腐木上，是重要的木材腐朽菌。虽然这两个属在世界范围内已有大量的种类被报道（Index Fungorum上共有911个名称），但是大多数种类还没有被测序和重新研究过，它们的分类地位还不明确，而且这两个属的属内及它们与近似属之间的系统发育关系还不清楚。我国过去还没有对这两个属进行过全面而系统的研究。本项目拟对我国广义韧革菌属和广义盘革菌属进行全面的野外资源调查和标本采集，采用形态学和分子系统学相结合的方法，明确这两属真菌在我国的种类与分布，解决一些疑难种类的分类问题，探讨并阐明这两个属的属内及他们与近似属之间的系统发育关系，完善这两个属乃至整个韧革菌科趋于自然合理的分类系统；提高对我国革菌多样性的认识。

本项目对我国红菇目广义韧革菌属和广义盘革菌属真菌资源进行了全面的调查，采集到该类真菌标本400余号。通过对新鲜采集的和国内外标本馆馆藏的标本进行形态学和分子系统学研究：发现了大量新的分类单元和中国新记录种；发表了2个新属，12个新种和4个新组合种；发现担孢子和囊状体的形态为最可靠的形态分类特征；解决了一些疑难种类的分类地位；阐明了木齿菌属和劳氏革菌属的系统发育关系；证明了狭义韧革菌属和刷革菌属在系统发育上是单系起源的，而广义盘革菌属中的一些根据形态特征建立的卫星属并没有得到分子系统学的支持，其内部的系统发育关系还有待于今后更进一步的研究。本项目研究结果极大地丰富了我国革菌的物种多样性；为建立韧革菌科和红菇目自然合理的分类系统提供了坚实的基础。