马长途运输应激动态变化规律与分子机理及中草药抗运输应激的研究

With the continuous development of the horse industry in China, the horses are frequently transported for a variety of reasons including breeding, biomedical purposes, competitions or pleasure activities. The effect of long road transport stress in horse has become one of the important problems, which disrupt homeostasis and metabolism of the horse. Most of the current research on horse transport stress only involves the comparison of the stress level before and after the transportation. The molecular mechanism of long distance transport stress process are still unclear. In the project, Xinjiang Yili horse was used, divided into experimental group, control group and Chinese herbal medicine group. The blood samples were collected. The physiological and biochemical indicators of blood, neuroendocrine indicators, and the relationship between the factors of protein and gene expression level were determined by using molecular biology and other techniques. Horse dynamic changes of long-distance transport stress in house were studied, and the anti-horse transport stress mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine were researched.

随着我国马产业的不断发展，马数量逐年递增，马跨地区长途运输进行买卖和参加各种比赛活动日益频繁。马长途运输应激引起的疾病、致残、竞赛机能下降等已成为马产业发展中急需解决重要问题之一。目前对马运输应激的大部分研究仅涉及运输前后时间的应激水平比较，而对长途运输应激全过程的动态变化规律及分子机理仍不清楚。本项目选用新疆伊犁马，分为实验组、对照组和中草药组，通过严格控制运输条件和实验室条件，连续运输马8小时，采集运输前后及运输过程中等12个时间点的血液样本，采用细胞学和分子生物学等技术，测定血液中生理生化指标、神经内分泌指标，及关键因子的蛋白和基因表达水平，开展马长途运输过程中关键应激因子或指标筛选和动态变化规律的研究，阐明马长途运输应激的动态变化规律，探讨其产生的分子机理，并开展中草药抗马运输应激机理的研究。为马长途运输应激形成机制及运输应激防控提供理论依据和技术支撑。

随着我国马产业的不断发展，马由于长途运输应激引起的疾病、致残、竞赛机能下降等已成为马产业发展中急需解决的重要问题之一。目前对马运输应激的大部分研究仅涉及运输前后时间的应激水平比较，而对长途运输应激全过程的动态变化规律及分子机理仍不清楚。本项目采用细胞学和分子生物学等技术，测定运输马血液中生理生化指标、神经内分泌指标及关键因子的蛋白和基因表达水平，开展马长途运输过程中关键应激因子或指标筛选和动态变化规律，以及中草药、益生菌缓解马运输应激作用和机理的研究。结果标明，长途运输应激可使马产生应激反应，血液生理生化及激素指标呈现先升后降的变化规律，变化的峰值主要出现在运输6小时，2种中草药方剂均有反向调节运输应激引起的血液指标升高或降低的作用，具有缓解马运输应激的作用。运输应激会使马体温升高、血MCV指标下降、外周血淋巴细胞中HP、TNF-α、IFN-γ的mRNA表达量升高、马血清中HSP90含量升高。在饲料中添加嗜酸乳杆菌可在一定程度上缓解马运输氧化应激，开发的新型中药颗粒剂具有缓解马运输肌肉酸痛以及调节运输马肠道菌群丰度缓解运输应激的作用。