NACA翼型量水设施测流机理及水力优化研究

Flume measuring equipment is a specific water measuring facility in irrigation area, the classical NACA airfoil shaped measuring flume has good hydrodynamic characteristics, and the study of its flow field structure is critical to explore the flow measuring principle. Based on model experiment and numerical simulation, this project will analyze its flow measuring principle and flow field structure of NACA airfoil shaped measuring flume under various working conditions. Also we will compare the final results with Parshall flume and cutthroat flume under identical working condition by exploring relevant hydraulic parameters, such as the range of discharge capacity of water meter, critical submerged criterion, head loss, Froude number (Fr), backwater height. By discussing the flexibility of airfoil shape control equations under various flow conditions, we will determine the applicable standards and criteria for water measuring facility. Due to water blocking problem caused by head loss at lower slope irrigation region, an automatic integration and optimization system will be constructed based on parameterization and optimization algorithm. This system will be used to study the NACA airfoil shaped measuring facility for multi-objective optimization. In the end, a specific optimization method and a new water measuring facility with more accuracy flow testing and more flexibility will be acquired. This research will not only give recommendations for water measuring development, but also provide certain reference for the study of hydraulics.

槽类量水建筑物是一种灌区常见的特设量水设施，NACA翼型量水设施的经典翼面外形具有良好的流体动力特性，对其流场结构进行研究是讨论其测流机理的关键。本项目基于模型试验与数值仿真技术，通过讨论不同工况下经典NACA翼型量水槽、量水柱的过流能力范围、临界淹没度、水头损失、佛汝德数、壅水高度等相关水力参数，分析其测流机理及流场结构，并将研究成果与相似工况下巴歇尔量水槽、无喉道量水槽进行类比研究，讨论翼型外形控制方程在改变过流环境条件下的适应性，确定各量水设施的适用条件及选型标准；针对量水设施在小坡降低水头灌区易出现阻水等问题，构建自动集成与优化体系，基于参数化方法与优化算法理论，对经典NACA翼型量水设施进行多目标水力优化研究，最终提出相应的优化方法及基于该方法得到的具有良好测流精度与适应性的新型量水设施。项目成果不仅能够为灌区量水技术发展提供一定的建议，而且对现有水力学问题的研究也有一定的参考。

槽类量水设施的测流机理研究是灌区量水工作的基础。本项目以经典NACA翼型量水槽为研究对象，采用理论分析、模型试验与数值仿真相结合的方法，讨论其测流机理及流场特性，同时构建多目标优化体系，提出一种具有良好测流精度与适应性的新型量水设施，并将其与不同型制的量水槽进行类比研究。主要成果如下：（1）通过参数化方法与优化算法理论构建了翼型量水设施的多目标优化平台，对经典NACA翼型量水设施进行多目标水力优化并验证其可靠性。（2）完成了经典NACA翼型量水槽与优化翼型量水槽的流场结构类比研究，讨论二者的测流机理与流场结构。（3）研究了不同工况下经典NACA翼型量水槽、NACA翼型量水柱、优化翼型量水槽及巴歇尔量水槽的流场特性、测流比率、水头损失、佛汝德数等水力参数，讨论了各型量水设施的测流方式、扰流机理及流场结构等。研究成果不仅有利于进一步推动灌区节水和实现可持续发展，而且对现有水力学问题的研究也有一定的参考价值。