高速铁路列车停站组合问题研究

Determining train stopping schedule is necessary to satisfy the large amount of traveling needs of passengers whose origins and destinations are not situated at terminal stations in a railway network. Because of the huge combinations of train stopping patterns, train stopping planning problem remains difficult in the field of railway operation and management. The high speed railway in China is characterized by its large scale, huge passenger transport volume, various levels of traveling needs, and adopting non-cyclic timetables. The existing schedule is generally manually made, as a result, there are problems raised such as low service frequencies between stations, lack of direct connections, and longer travel time, etc., multi-level travel demand is not well adapted. These problems not only reduce the level of service, but also inhibit potential passenger demand. This research project is mainly motivated by maximizing the multi-level, multi class passenger travel desire, firstly, will deeply analyze the passenger demand, and study the train stopping patterns adapting to the passenger demand. Then an optimization mathematical model will be developed which takes the passenger ODs as covering objects, the various travel utilities will be met, and the train operating cost will be synergistically considered. Next, an efficient algorithm will be proposed using an iterative framework. Finally, example verification will be conducted. This project will help to improve the optimal performance and applications of train stopping scheme, enrich the theory and methods of transportation product design, and provide theoretical direction for rail transport organization plans design which meet people’s needs for fast and convenient traveling using high speed railway.

列车停站组合设计是满足铁路网中大量非起、终点车站旅客乘车需求的关键，由于组合形式复杂多样，一直是铁路运营面临的难点问题。我国干线高速铁路具有线路长、车站多、客流量大且层次多等特点，列车停站依靠人工决策，难以实现系统优化，突显出站间服务频率不足、直达性差、旅行时间长等问题；对多样客流需求的适应不够，不仅降低服务水平，也抑制了对客流的吸引。本项目首先从深入分析客流需求着手，研究高速列车停站结构对客流需求的定量作用关系；其次，基于旅客差别化的乘车效用目标、协同考虑降低列车开行成本及资源约束，建立以“客流OD对”为覆盖对象的高速列车停站组合优化模型；接着基于迭代框架，设计模型的高效求解算法；最后进行实例验证。本项目的研究将有助于提升列车停站组合的优化性能与应用效果，促进高速客运产品设计理念和方法创新，为设计满足人们快捷、方便出行需求的列车开行方案提供可靠的理论指导。

随着我国高速铁路发展由“大建设”转向“大运营”，列车服务水平和效率的提升成为铁路部门关注的重点。列车停站组合是列车开行方案中的重要内容，由于需要满足铁路网中大量非起、终点车站旅客乘车需求，组合形式复杂多样，是铁路运营面临的难点问题。本项目解决高速铁路列车停站组合问题，研究内容包括：客流需求对高速列车停站服务质量的响应特性，考虑旅客差别化乘车效用目标的列车停站组合优化模型，列车停站组合优化模型的迭代式求解算法以及实例验证。.通过研究，对不同目标和停站组合方案下列车开行成本、旅客服务水平（列车旅速、服务频率、直达性等）等指标进行了对比分析，揭示出客流需求对列车停站服务的“异质”响应特性；基于周期、非周期、周期与非周期结合的不同列车开行条件，建立了多种列车停站组合优化模型，开发了有效求解算法，可适应网络条件、本线与跨线列车协调、列车不同运距组合、运行图实际兑现等不同场景的应用需要。.基于大量客票数据，项目优化方案与既有实际方案对比，大站列车旅速、中小站频率、直达水平、列车服务规律性、能力利用效率等性能指标均有所提升，可以达到节约铁路经营成本、提高旅客出行效率的目标。基于项目所提出的方法，为上海铁路局沪宁城际铁路、国铁集团京沪高铁的列车开行方案编制提出了优化建议方案。其中，上海局对建议方案和列车停站方案优化方法给予了“经济效益潜力巨大”的评估，因此项目成果在未来进一步推广，将改变列车停站依靠人工决策、难以实现系统优化的现状，有望取得良好的应用前景。.本项目基于SCP对高速铁路列车停站问题成功实现了数学建模与求解，并通过实例验证所优化方案的指标性能优越于实际既有方案，提升了列车停站组合的优化性能与应用效果；建立了适应我国特点的高速列车停站优化方法，为设计满足人们快捷、方便出行需求的列车开行方案提供可靠的理论指导，一定程度促进了高铁客运产品设计理念与方法的创新。