河流中典型医药品与个人护理品的转化与归趋研究--以九龙江为例

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a major class of emerging contaminants widely dispersed in the environment. Current studies mainly focused on their occurrence and distribution. There is a knowledge gap of the transformation and fate of PPCPs in the aquatic system. In this project, PPCPs, including the antibiotics, analgesics/ antipyretics, etc, which are of high concentrations and high detection frequencies in the Jiulong River, are selected based on our previous studies. The microcosm studies will be carried out to test the photolysis, bio-transformation, and the combination of bio-photo-transformation in the aqueous phase, as well as the aerobic, anaerobic, and abiotic transformation in the sediments. The transformation products will be identified by the high resolution technology, including the liquid chromatography-quadrupole/ time-of-flight mass spectrometers (LC-Q/TOF-MS) et al. The suspected screening is conducted, in which a list of suspected products is predicted based on the references and the prediction system, and the exact mass is extracted from the chromatogram to identify the molecular structure of the transformation products. The non-target screening is carried out to cover the potential missing transformation products by the suspected screening. In addition, the toxicity of the transformation products will be tested. Finally, samples will be collected from the Jiulong River at different time intervals. The concentrations of the selected PPCPs and their major transformation products in the aqueous phase, suspended solids, and sediments, will be determined. From this study, the transformation of selected PPCPs in the river area will be elucidated. In addition, the spatial-temporal distribution and the fate of PPCPs and their major transformation products will be understood. This project will focus not only the PPCPs but also their major transformation products. The results will provide useful information to evaluate the ecological risk of PPCPs in the river.

医药品与个人护理品（PPCPs）是一类新兴污染物，广泛存在于自然环境。现有研究多关注母体PPCPs在环境的分布，然而对PPCPs在环境的转化、PPCPs及其主要转化产物的环境归趋研究尚不多见。我们已研究了九龙江流域PPCPs的分布特征，发现抗生素类、消炎止痛类等PPCPs具有较高浓度和检出频率，因此，本研究将在前期工作基础上选择典型PPCPs为研究对象，以九龙江水体、沉积物为基底，通过微宇宙实验，研究典型PPCPs的转化；采用高分辨质谱等技术，结合疑似物筛选和非目标物筛选的方法，鉴定典型PPCPs的转化产物，并评价其毒性，阐明其转化途径。此外，进一步分析九龙江水相、悬浮颗粒物、沉积物中PPCPs及其主要转化产物的浓度，明确典型PPCPs及其主要转化产物在河流的时空分布、转化与归趋。本项目不仅关注母体PPCPs，更注重其转化产物的研究，结果可为全面评价新兴污染物的流域环境风险提供科学依据。

医药品与个人护理品（PPCPs）在环境中广泛分布，具有潜在生态危害。已有研究多关注母体PPCPs的污染水平与分布特征，尚缺乏对PPCPs在环境中的转化产物与转化机理的研究。本项目以典型PPCPs为研究对象，以九龙江水体、沉积物等为基底，开展微宇宙实验，研究PPCPs转化；侧重鉴定转化产物结构，评价其毒性，阐明其转化途径；并分析典型PPCPs及其转化产物在九龙江流域的分布特征。本项目主要研究工作包括：1）建立了定量分析方法，调研了九龙江流域等水环境中PPCPs背景值；2）研究典型PPCPs的转化机理与转化产物，其中，分别开展了①磺胺甲噁唑在九龙江水体的转化、②双酚A在九龙江水体中的转化、③磺胺甲噁唑和甲基红等PPCPs在细菌作用下的转化、④雌酮、雌二醇、炔雌醇、美托洛尔在微藻作用下的转化、⑤多种PPCPs在沉积物及污泥中的转化；3）九龙江流域典型PPCPs及其转化产物的分布与归趋。针对既定目标，取得的重要研究结果包括：1）首次耦合气相色谱-稳定同位素质谱和气相色谱-质谱，应用同位素示踪技术，建立复杂环境基底中痕量PPCPs转化产物的识别和鉴定方法，报道了多种新转化产物结构；利用液相色谱-高分辨质谱技术，采样靶向筛选和非靶向筛选等质谱解析方法，鉴定PPCPs的转化产物。2）应用微宇宙实验，结合结构方程模型，阐明了典型PPCPs自然衰减机制，结合转化产物结构信息，阐明典型PPCPs在河流水体的转化机理与路径；3）阐明了九龙江流域典型PPCPs及其转化产物的分布与归趋。本项目已发表中文核心期刊论文1篇，SCI论文19篇，其中JCR一区6篇，二区8篇；培养博士研究生2位，项目负责人获得福建省杰出青年基金的资助；项目组成员多次参加国内外本领域的学术研讨会，交流研究进展，圆满完成了既定的研究目标。本项目的开展，为深入理解PPCPs及其转化产物的水环境行为，全面评价PPCPs的流域环境风险，提供了科学依据。