强互耦超宽带共形天线阵的低散射理论与关键技术

Next generation stealth platforms put forward overall challenges to their synthetic aperture antennas, including the beam steering, ultra-wideband, conformal and low scattering. Unfortunately, traditional antenna technology is obviously hard to tackle the challenges, and existing reported studies are only capable of facing with 2 or 3 of the aforementioned challenges. This project pioneers in trying to deal with the aforementioned 4 challenges unitedly, by proposing a novel idea of using the ultra-wideband phased arrays with enhanced mutual coupling. Based on our research basis of this type of phased arrays, this project will further carry on a study on the low scattering theory and key techniques of ultra-wideband conformal phased arrays with enhanced mutual coupling. The main study contents of this project include: (1). A deep study on the radiation and scattering mechanism of the ultra-wideband conformal phased arrays with enhanced mutual coupling; (2). Conformal techniques of the ultra-wideband phased arrays with enhanced mutual coupling; (3). Design of the integration of low scattering antenna radomes and ultra-wideband conformal phased arrays; (4). Low scattering techniques of the one-dimensional conformal ultra-wideband phased arrays with enhanced mutual coupling and their applications to the synthetic aperture antennas on airplane wings; (5). Low scattering techniques of the two-dimensional conformal ultra-wideband phased arrays with enhanced mutual coupling and their applications to the synthetic aperture antennas on cone-shaped platforms. The research fruits are anticipated to be used to provide the theoretical principle and approach for the engineering design of ultra-wideband conformal phased arrays with enhanced mutual coupling, with balanced optimum between their radiation and scattering characteristics.

新一代隐身载体平台对其综合孔径天线同时提出了波束扫描、超宽带、共形、低散射这四个方面的全面挑战。但传统天线技术显然难以同时应对这些挑战，现有的研究报道一般也仅能同时应对上述挑战中的2-3项。本项目率先尝试将这四种天线挑战统一起来考虑，提出了采用强互耦超宽带阵来同时应对上述四种挑战的新思路。项目将在已有研究基础上进一步开展强互耦超宽带共形相控阵的低散射理论与关键技术研究。研究内容主要包括：强互耦超宽带共形相控阵的电磁辐射与散射机理研究; 强互耦超宽带相控阵的共形技术研究; 与天线罩共形的强互耦超宽带阵列一体化低散射设计；强互耦超宽带一维共形阵的低散射技术及其在机翼载综合孔径中的应用研究; 强互耦超宽带二维共形阵的低散射技术及其在锥形载体综合孔径中的应用研究。本项目的研究成果可以为电磁辐射与散射特性达到平衡最佳的强互耦超宽带共形相控阵的工程设计提供理论基础与方法依据。

本项目针对新一代隐身载体平台对其综合孔径天线提出的同时实现波束电扫描、超宽带、共形、隐身这四项功能的迫切应用需求，系统开展超宽带综合孔径共形天线的低RCS理论与关键技术研究。项目主要以基于强互耦效应的超宽带相控阵技术为基础，逐步向超宽带共形相控阵、超宽带共形低RCS相控阵推进，开展超宽带共形相控阵的电磁辐射与散射机理、RCS缩减技术、低RCS超宽带一维共形相控阵与二维共形相控阵的原理性实验验证等多方面研究。项目取得的主要创新成果包括：率先开展了广泛适用于强互耦超宽带相控阵电磁辐射与散射特性协同分析的理论方法研究，创新性地提出了基于“黑盒子”模型、时延线加载以及散射矩阵的多种高效数值分析新方法；发明了基于高磁导率衬底的极低剖面强互耦超宽带阵、折叠偶极子等多种天线新结构，使得强互耦超宽带相控阵更易于实现共形化；为了应对不同的复杂应用场景，提出了PCM人工地板加载、后端补偿电路加载、周期性以及非周期性电磁超表面上层加载等多项创新方案，实现了强互耦相控阵在不同的辐射/散射频带、入射波极化以及入射/散射角域范围等不同场景下RCS的有效缩减；在上述基础上深层次探索了强互耦共形阵电磁辐射与散射协同优化设计的方案，研制出多套低RCS超宽带机翼载一维共形相控阵与二维锥台载共形相控阵原理样机，且部分成果已具有明确的工程应用前景。项目圆满完成了预期的研究目标和研究内容。项目执行期间，共发表标注有基金号的学术论文36篇，其中SCI收录论文22篇、国际天线领域Top期刊IEEE Trans. AP论文15篇；申请发明专利27项，其中22项已获授权；培养博士生9名，硕士生15名；获四川省科学技术进步奖一等奖1项；举办国际学术会议1次；项目负责人作大会特邀报告3次、以访问教授身份出访3次、获评IEEE Fellow；项目负责人带领的研究团队入选第二批全国高校黄大年式教师团队。