多物理场作用下金属在碳/碳化物陶瓷表面的润湿及界面行为

Base on the research on the wettability of carbon or carbide ceramics by molten metals at high temperatures, typical systems for inert wetting, reactive wetting and adsorption wetting were selected. The electric current, electric and magnetic fields were also added as the extra physic fields (or sources). The wetting behavior and interfacial structure evolution were studied. The main purposes of this study are to reveal the controlled mechanism of wettability under multi-physics field, and then to connect the relation of wetting behavior, interfacial structures and parameters of multi-physics field. Base on above, the basic theories of interfacial property control for the fabrication of MMCs would be replenished and a new way for the optimization in the process would also be proposed. This project would be of great significance for improving of the preparation technology for composites by designed interface, also for developing a novel preparation technology.

以金属-碳及碳化物陶瓷高温下等温润湿的研究为基础，选取惰性润湿，反应润湿和吸附润湿中的典型体系作为研究对象；引入电流，电场及磁场作为外加物理场(源)，通过物理场参量的变化，考察由此引起的润湿行为及界面结构的演变；旨在揭示外加物理场(源)作用于高温下金属与非金属润湿的内在控制机理，建立相应润湿行为、界面结构与外加物理场(源)的耦合关系和铺展动力学模型；完善并提出高温下以液-固两相为基础的复合材料制备工艺中控制界面性质的理论基础及优化工艺的方法。本项研究对于实现金属基复合材料界面设计与可控，发展先进的复合材料制备技术具有重要的理论和实际应用意义。

针对目前材料加工界面性质调控的方式，本课题开展了深入广泛的研究，提出了界面元素偏聚的热力学判据并得到了有效验证，为界面结构优化与设计提供了理论依据。揭示了高温润湿领域中前驱膜的形成机制，提出了复杂异质表面的反应润湿模型，揭示亚稳结构表面的结构驰豫与晶化反应对润湿的作用机制，对于材料加工中利用这些原理来调控润湿与界面结构提供了理论依据。揭示了活性组元在润湿过程的界面作用机制，澄清了界面反应与界面吸附究竟何种因素主导润湿的国际争议，解决了活性组元浓度与界面结构及润湿性之间耦合关系的问题，为活性钎焊界面结构优化提供了事实依据。揭示了电解质溶液中的电毛细现象本质为液态金属通过电化学反应附带电荷，在溶液中非均匀离子场作用下出现的毛细力(或表面张力)梯度，这一本质问题的认识对于微纳机械领域液态金属流动的操控提供了理论与事实依据。揭示了超声振动场对液滴铺展运动的作用机制，提出了固/液界面动量传递层和液/气界面的毛细波是液滴驱动关键，这对开发微纳机械、微纳液滴传输有着重要的意义。