基于僧帽水母仿生行为的平流层飞艇主动环境适应性调节机理研究

The stratospheric airship, called as “thermal aircraft” and “lighter-than-air aircraft”, is filled with huge volume of helium to provide static lifting force, and therefore its flight dynamics is markedly affected by the external environment. On the one hand, the buoyancy, pressure and flight state depend strongly on the inside gas temperature, due to the gas inflates, deflates with the altitude, and transfers heat with the atmosphere, on the other hand, the fight trajectory and station keeping is markedly affected by the wind disturbances. This problem brings forth an important challenge to fight control and has been considered by many researchers; however, it hasn’t yet been solved. Different from the previous research works, this research proposes a novel thought to investigate the above-mentioned key problem, inspired by the physalia physalis, which has a unique approach to adjust the buoyancy, pressure and heading direction effectively by means of its “multi-chamber” and coronal. First, the morphology, physiological configuration and environmental adaptability of the physalia physalis is observed and investigated, and the bionic illumination is obtained. Second, the overall design and thermal adjusting chamber are designed based on “imitation in shape” and “resemblance in function”. Third, the integrative model including atmosphere, thermal effects and flight dynamics is developed, and the mechanism of active-adjusting environmental adaptability is investigated. This work expands the research domain of the current flight dynamics of stratospheric airships, and will provide novel and promising theoretical methodologies and technique approaches for key issue of flight dynamics of stratospheric airships.

平流层飞艇内充体积巨大的浮升气体提供静升力，被称为“热飞行器”和“轻于空气的飞行器”，受热环境和风场影响显著:一方面，艇内气体由于热力学膨胀、压缩以及同外界热交换，导致浮力、压力和飞行状态参数大幅变化；另一方面，风场扰动影响飞行航迹和定点驻留，对飞行控制和安全运行产生严重影响。鉴于现有的“单囊体”和 “主副气囊”等技术方案及相关理论方法难以解决上述难题，本项目从僧帽水母依靠“多囊体”调节浮力与压力以及借助浮囊冠膜调节迎风航向这一现象受到启发，以僧帽水母为仿生对象，通过生物观测实验获取仿生依据并针对平流层飞艇运行环境特点，按照“形仿”（形态仿生）和 “神仿”（功能仿生）的思路设计总体方案，提出“热调节气囊”新概念方案及主动环境调节方法，研究复杂环境对平流层飞艇飞行力学的作用规律，揭示基于仿生行为的主动环境适应性调节机理，为解决平流层飞艇飞行力学关键技术难题提供新的研究思路和理论方法。

临近空间通常是指距地面20-100km的空域，介于常规航空器升限和航天器最低轨道高度之间，是跨接航空与航天的“空白地带”,空天一体化视阈下，其特有的战略意义和应用价值日益凸显，当前已成为各航空航天大国关注的焦点。平流层飞艇是指依靠浮升气体提供静升力，依靠推进系统和控制系统实现操纵飞行，并执行特定任务的浮空类飞行器，是临近空间低动态飞行器的主要形式之一。平流层飞艇具有持久区域驻留、能耗低、可重复使用、效费比高等特点，可通过搭载多种有效载荷发展为“空”、“临近空间”和“天”相结合的新型电子信息装备，能够有效弥补当前航空和航天装备的不足，广泛应用于侦察监视、区域预警、电子对抗、毁伤评估等军事领域以及对地观测、环境监测、通信中继、应急救灾等民用领域，对构建空天一体化国家安全体系和发展国民经济具有重大意义。平流层飞艇内充体积巨大的浮升气体提供静升力，被称为“热飞行器”和“轻于空气的飞行器”，环境热效应导致囊内气体热力学状态时变，浮力和压力之间存在复杂动态耦合关系，给飞行控制带来极大挑战。现有的“单囊体”和“主副气囊”技术方案难以实现大范围浮力与压力调节。本项目以僧帽水母为仿生对象，通过生物观测实验获取仿生依据，按照仿生思路设计了平流层飞艇总体方案；分析了飞行包线内环境特性，建立了仿生平流层飞艇的飞行力学模型和热力学模型；提出了“热调节气囊”新概念方案，通过囊内工质的气液状态转换实现大范围浮力与压力调节，揭示了基于仿生行为的主动环境适应性调节机理。项目研究形成了一套较为完善的平流层飞艇仿生设计与飞行力学理论方法，为解决平流层飞艇飞行力学关键科学问题提供了有力支撑。