浅水多波束三类误差处理方法研究

Multi-Beam Echo Sounder is the necessary equipment for acquiring of marine terrain and relief information. But in shallow water zone, there are random error, systematic error and half systematic error in Multi-Beam data inevitably. Yawp of electric equipment, installation error, sound velocity error and exceptional tide influence the application of Multi-Beam Echo Sounder data. The traditional man-machine editor is inefficient. Tide level correction model of tide measure station exist error in some shallow water zone. Current methods can't fully match the requirement of Multi-Beam Echo Sounder error data automatic filter and correction. In order to solve the problems, we put forward a new integrated scheme, which can improve the efficiency for Multi-Beam Echo Sounder data processing with high enough precision. There are three key points in this scheme:.（1）Total Propagated Error computation algorithm to eliminate noises in Multi-Beam Echo Sounder data automatically;.（2）The GPS RTK tide with attitude correction and its application for Multi-Beam Echo Sounder data tide level correction;.（3）Establish the method of maximum offset for sound velocity profile predigesting and optimization. Carry out the sound velocity correction using the predigested sound velocity profiles..The planned research is oriented towards the Multi-Beam Echo Sounder data processing in shallow water zone. The contents are multitudinous, and the ideas are innovative. The success of this research will obviously improve the efficiency and precision of Multi-Beam Echo Sounder data processing. The expected results not only enrich the theory of Multi-Beam Echo Sounder data processing in shallow water zone, but also have the value of practical application. Thus, it is broadly applicable.

多波束是获取海底地形地貌信息的重要手段。但是，在近岸浅水区由于受到波浪、船舶和电子设备噪声、安装误差与校准残差、声速结构变化、异常潮汐等因素干扰，多波束数据不可避免存在偶然误差（异常值和噪声）以及系统误差、半系统误差，影响了成果的应用。人机交互式编辑方法数据处理效率低，验潮站潮位改正模型存在误差等，无法满足浅水区多波束噪声剔除和水深改正要求。针对这些不足，本项目将建立一整套近岸浅水区多波束数据处理技术方案，提高数据处理效率和精度，更好地为海洋开发与管理、海洋监测、海洋工程建设、海洋军事等服务。研究内容主要包括：基于总传播误差滤波器进行多波束噪声自动剔除；基于姿态校正的GPS RTK潮位进行多波束实时动态潮位改正；最大声速偏移量法对声速剖面精简和优化，进行多波束声线折射改正。项目针对近岸浅水区多波束数据处理开展系统性研究，内容丰富，创新性强，具有重要的理论价值和现实意义，具有广阔的应用前景。

本项基金课题研究目标是建立一整套近岸浅水区多波束数据处理的技术方案，提高多波束数据处理效率和精度，更好地为海洋开发与管理、海洋监测、海洋工程建设等服务。已完成的主要研究工作包括：（1）建立了基于总传播误差滤波器的多波束噪声自动剔除方法（2）基于姿态校正、升沉改正实现GPS RTK潮位测量，进行多波束实时动态潮位改正（3）采用声速偏移量法对声速剖面进行精简和优化，实现多波束声线折射改正（4）完成了珠江口、台湾浅滩、琼州海峡3个典型浅水区实测多波束海底地形数据及配套声速资料、潮位数据的收集整理工作。其中，在琼州海峡区域收集了多波束地形勘测同步的GPS RTK测量数据，对GPS RTK数据进行了后处理解算，提取高程信息，与验潮站潮位数据进行比对验证，结果表明：近岸浅水区GPS RTK提取的潮位信息，在剔除明显异常数值后可用于多波束水深测量的潮位改正，实现多波束地形测量无验潮条件下的实时GPS RTK潮位改正。（5）选取台湾浅滩的实测多波束数据作为试验数据，分别采用传统的人机交互式编辑方法、总传播误差滤波器法进行粗差剔除。计算每个波束点的总传播误差，依据误差限定和距离限定标准设置滤波参数，进行多波束噪声自动滤波，对比结果表明总传播误差自动滤波算法粗差剔除效率提高4倍以上。基于总传播误差滤波器的自动滤波算法，在多波束数据异常值（噪声）自动识别和剔除准确性方面具有明显优势，大大提高了数据处理效率。