条带式Wongawilli采煤法覆岩与地表移动规律及参数研究

Surface subsidence due to coal mining not only destroys the ecology environment in mining areas, but also results in severe damages to surface structures. These are the social and environmental problems needed to be solved. Safe and high-efficient coal mining under structures is difficult problems of the main coal mining countries in the world. The strip Wongawilli mining method, which is the combination of strip longwall layout and shortwall Wongawilli continuous mining technology, is new continuous high-efficient mining technology. By the theoretical analysis, field observation and physical and numerical simulation and etc., the stress field in the surrounding rock and entry deformation laws of the strip Wongawilli mining will be studied according to engineering case in this project. The coal pillar stability and damage characteristics in the overburden strata will be also studied. Based on the research above, the surface subsidence prediction model and parameters of strip Wongawilli mining will be studied and set up. And then the strip Wongawilli mining optimal design and engineering application under structures can be realized. The study results can be the guidance to continuous, high-efficient, safety and green mining under structures.

开采引起的地表沉陷不仅破坏了矿区生态环境，而且对地表建（构）筑物造成了严重损害，是亟待解决的社会和环境问题。建（构）筑物压煤安全高效开采是我国及世界上主要采煤国家面临的难题。本项目将条带开采长壁布置方式与短壁柱式旺格维利连续采煤工艺相结合，优势互补，形成一种新的建（构）筑物下压煤连续高效开采技术，即条带式旺格维利采煤技术。项目拟采用理论分析、现场井上下观测、实验室模拟等研究手段，结合工程条件，系统研究条带旺格维利采煤围岩应力场及巷道围岩变形规律；研究煤柱的稳定性及覆岩破坏特征。在此基础上，分析条带旺格维利采煤技术的地表沉陷规律及主控因素，研究建立条带旺格维利采煤地表沉陷预测参数及模型，最终实现建（构）筑物压煤条带旺格维利采煤优化设计及工程应用。研究成果可指导利用该技术进行建（构）筑物压煤连续高效、安全绿色开采。

我国煤矿建（构）筑物压煤问题越来越突出，为实现最大限度的煤炭资源回收，本项目针对提出的一种高效“三下”采煤技术（条带式Wongawilli采煤法）进行了研究，以王台铺煤矿、漳村煤矿及赵屋煤矿为研究区，主要研究了条带式Wongawilli采煤法的巷道围岩控制技术、覆岩破坏规律及井下巷道优化布置，地表沉陷规律及主控因素，地表沉陷预测参数体系及模型，条带式Wongawilli采煤法优化设计理论方法及工程应用。其研究结论如下：.（1）依据条带式Wongawilli采煤法的技术特点，提出了五种巷道布置方式，并研究了主要设备配套及开采参数。采用数值模拟、理论分析及曲线拟合等方法，系统分析了单巷双翼式与双巷单翼式在有、无支护下的围岩应力场、位移场及塑性区的变化情况，得到了条带式Wongawilli采煤法覆岩破坏规律，确定了巷道最佳布置方式及合理的开采参数。.（2）采用实验室模拟、理论分析及现场观测等方法，确定了煤柱系统的稳定性、采留宽是影响地表沉陷的主控因素；通过对主控因素的研究，建立了条带式Wongawilli采煤法煤柱系统力学模型及尖点突变模型，得出了不规则煤柱满足发生尖点突变失稳的必要条件，揭示了开采后煤柱系统的突变失稳机理。根据突变模型得出了各煤柱的突跳压缩量计算公式，并验证了结果的合理性。.（3）通过现场观测、实验室模拟及理论分析，得出了条带式Wongawilli采煤法地表沉陷概率积分法预计参数，修正了概率积分法下沉曲线，提出了“非充分采动影响范围调整系数”概念，建立了条带式Wongawilli采煤法的地表移动变形预测参数及模型，提高了条带式Wongawilli采煤法地表沉陷预计精度。.（4）通过对影响地表沉陷主控因素的研究，得到了留设合理煤柱宽度公式，提出了条带式Wongawilli采煤法煤柱及覆岩稳定控制技术。现场实践表明，能有效控制覆岩变形与地表沉陷，提高建（构）筑物下压煤采出率和开采效率。.该研究是对开采沉陷相关理论的补充和完善，对“三下”压煤实现连续高效、安全绿色开采具有指导作用，对避免或减小开采对地表建（构）筑物及生态环境的破坏具有重要意义。