基于电磁斥力开断器的限流熔断器设计及其介质恢复特性研究

The current limiting fuse (CLF) is the important equipment used short-circuit protection on high-capacity system.The high speed isolator of existing current limiting fuse mostly utilizes the explosive force to interrupt current, however, the explosive has some disadvantages in use, such as easily decompose, poor heat-resistant, insecurity and more cost. Based on existing research of CLF, a novel isolator based on electro-magnetic repulsion mechanism was designed. The novel hybrid CLF with arc-trigger using the isolator were introduced. The acting characteristics and arc characteristics and dielectric recovery characteristics of CLF will be research. Aim to promote the speed of the electro-magnetic repulsion isolator close to the explosive isolator, the acting characteristics of the isolator based on electro-magnetic repulsion mechanism are analysis and optimization designed with analytic calculation and finite elements simulation and velocity test. In order to improve the dielectric recovery strength, arc characteristics and dielectric recovery characteristics are analysis with the dielectric recovery test and fast speed video camera. A 640V/2kA DC CLF prototype will be designed and tested to provide a new reliable CLF technique for high-capacity system.

限流熔断器是电力系统大电流负载支路保护中的重要设备，现有限流熔断器中的高速开断器大都采用炸药爆炸产生的冲击力驱动进行分断，炸药在实际应用中存在易分解、不耐高温、价格高等缺陷。本项目在已有限流熔断器的研究基础上，设计了一种电磁斥力机构驱动的新型高速开断器，并基于该型开断器提出了新型限流熔断器方案，将对新方案的动作特性、电弧特性、介质恢复特性开展理论分析与试验研究。 利用电磁场解析计算、有限元软件仿真和分断测速试验对新型电磁斥力开断器进行动作特性分析和优化设计，使其达到炸药型开断器的动作性能；利用介质恢复试验及其高速摄像对开断器的电弧特性和介质恢复特性进行分析，并探索提高介质恢复强度的方法。在此基础上开展额定直流640V/2kA新型限流熔断器设计及其试验，为电力系统大电流支路提供一种新型可靠的限流熔断器方案。

快速限流熔断器是目前商用化最广泛的限流保护技术之一，然而现有快速限流熔断器中的开断器大都采用炸药爆炸产生的冲击力进行驱动使其分断，炸药在实际应用中存在易分解、不耐高温、安全性低、价格昂贵等缺陷。本项目针对炸药型开断器存在的问题，在已研制出的限流熔断器基础上对其开断器进行了改进设计，提出了一种基于电磁斥力技术的新型开断器方案，其特点是采用了电磁斥力技术代替炸药来实现开断器的快速分断。开展了额定640V/2kA直流限流熔断器样机的设计及分析，进行了电磁斥力型开断器的分断测速试验、温升试验和介质恢复特性试验，试验表明电磁斥力型开断器可以达到与原炸药型开断器相近的工作性能，最后通过限流熔断器样机分断预期25kA短路电流试验证明了新方案的可行性及有效性。