基于金属纤维燃烧的复杂结构气动热环境模拟方法研究

Complex structures such as the tip wedge or the inlet of hypersonic vehicle are faced with serious stress exceeding the standard, so a full scale structural thermal test is needed. However, the existing aerodynamic thermal simulation method cannot meet the demand of nonlinear time-varying heat flow simulation of complex structures with large gradient distribution and high impact rate. Therefore, this project proposes an aerodynamic heating environment simulation method based on the metal fiber burner, and studies three core problems existing in the application of metal fiber burner technology. First of all, establishing the combustion and heat transfer mathematical model of metal fiber burner, exploring the mechanism of combustion and heat transfer, establishing the experiment system of metal fiber burner; further, validating the variation rule of combustion and heat transfer performance, under the guidance of theory research, constructing the thermal environment; finally, for the practical application of the transient aerodynamic thermal environment simulation, establishing the order-reduced model of metal fiber surface combustion and heat transfer, proposing a rule to determine the design variables, providing theoretical support for conducting the thermal environment simulation test for complex structure of hypersonic vehicle precisely and efficiently.

高超声速飞行器前缘及进气道等关键部件复杂结构面临严重的应力超标问题，需进行全尺度结构热试验。然而，现有气动热模拟方法难以满足复杂结构表面大梯度分布、高冲击非线性时变热流模拟需求。为此，本项目提出基于金属纤维表面燃烧的气动热环境模拟方法，针对金属纤维表面燃烧技术应用存在的三个核心问题开展研究。建立金属纤维表面燃烧及传热数学模型，开展理论及实验研究，探究燃烧及传热机理；进一步，建立金属纤维表面短火焰燃气射流加热特性，以此为理论指导，实现气动热环境的模拟构造；最后，面向梯度分布时变气动热环境模拟的实际应用，建立金属纤维表面燃烧传热降阶模型，获取试验设计变量确定准则，为准确高效开展高超声速飞行器复杂结构热环境模拟试验提供理论支撑。

本项目在基金的支持下，以高超声速飞行器复杂结构热试验重大需求牵引，针对传统瞬态气动热环境模拟方法的不足，采用开放性创新思路，引入金属纤维表面燃烧技术解决复杂结构表面大梯度分布、高冲击率非线性时变气动热模拟的技术瓶颈问题，针对金属纤维表面燃烧技术应用存在的三个核心问题开展了研究，建立了金属纤维表面燃烧及传热数学模型，开展了理论及实验研究，探究了燃烧及传热机理；进一步，建立了金属纤维表面短火焰燃气射流加热特性，以此为理论指导，实现了气动热环境的模拟构造；最后，面向梯度分布时变气动热环境模拟的实际应用，建立了金属纤维表面燃烧传热降阶模型，获取了试验设计变量确定准则，项目的研究促进了金属纤维燃烧技术及结构热试验技术的发展，为准确高效开展高超声速飞行器复杂结构热环境模拟试验提供理论支撑。