水稻寡肽转运蛋白OsNPF8.1在氮再分配和提高氮再利用效率中作用研究

Utilization and transport of nitrogen are important processes for plant growth and development. Nitrogen transportation also affects nitrogen use efficiency, formation of yield and quality, and in response to abiotic stresses of crops. OsNPF8.1, the first peptide transporter gene from rice NPF family, was screened in my lab using yeast functional complementation. Primary results showed that OsNPF8.1 may be involved in the response for peptide transport from source to sink, and in response to salt stress; thereby, it affects nitrogen redistribution, seed development, and resistance to abiotic stresses of rice. This project will analyze following contents: (1) biochemical and molecular characteristics of OsNPF8.1 for transporting substrates; (2) functions of OsNPF8.1 in the recycling and reutilization of organic nitrogen in rice; (3) roles of OsNPF8.1 in rice growth and development, and in response to abiotic stresses; (4) identification of OsNPF8.1 alleles with high nitrogen use efficiency, and application of them in molecular breeding of rice, and fertilizer evaluation in field following characteristics of rice organic nitrogen reutilization. The excepted results will help to elucidate the biological functions of OsNPF8.1, and roles of the peptide transport mediated by OsNPF8.1 in development and growth of rice, in response to stresses, and redistribution and recycling of nitrogen. Due to deep understanding for redistribution of nitrogen, this may be potential use in molecular design breeding and cultivation, and in fertilizer application, thus saving nitrogen fertilizer use in rice production.

氮的利用包括吸收、同化和再利用等过程，且都涉及含氮代谢物的转运。因而氮素转运是植物生长发育的重要生命过程，并影响作物氮利用效率、产量与品质形成以及抗逆等。本项目是在筛选到水稻NPF家族中第一个寡肽转运蛋白OsNPF8.1，并发现它可能参与由源到库的寡肽转运，进而影响氮再分配及抗逆的基础之上。拟对以下内容进行研究，即：(1) OsNPF8.1转运寡肽的生化与分子特征；(2) OsNPF8.1在水稻有机氮再分配与再利用中的作用；(3) OsNPF8.1在水稻生长发育及逆境响应中的功能；(4) OsNPF8.1优异等位基因挖掘及在分子育种等中的应用评价。研究结果将在理论上阐明：寡肽运输参与的氮再分配在氮高效再利用、生长发育与逆境响应中的功能，以及它们之间协同机制的科学问题；在应用方面将挖掘优异等位基因用于分子设计育种，以及栽培施肥方案中对氮再利用规律加以应用，做到按需施氮肥从而节约氮肥使用。

氮是植物生长发育的必需营养元素和限制作物产量形成的重要因子。植物氮的利用包括吸收、同化、分配和再利用等过程，这些过程中都涉及含氮物在细胞间、亚细胞间或组织器官间的运输。因而，氮素营养运输是植物生长发育的重要生命过程，并影响作物氮利用效率、产量与品质形成与抗逆等。项目阐明了寡肽转运蛋白OsNPF8.1参水稻体内有机氮运输与分配，进而影响体内有机氮再分配及抗逆性，它有在育种中应用的前景，并鉴定到高低氮差异的品种的SNP差异并在进行等位基因系的转育；自噬基因OsATG8b参与水稻体内氮素再利用并影响产量的形成；miR168-5p通过靶向硝酸盐转运基因OsNPF2.4，参与对水稻氮分配的调节；蛋白折叠、甾醇与油菜素内脂合成参与水稻产量及抗逆的功能。项目发表论文7篇，参与培育氮高效利用水稻新种质2个，申请水稻新品种权2个，培育氮高效品种并完成区域试验与生产试验并等待审定水稻新品种1个，向种子企业转让水稻新品种权1个。培养博士后1名、博士1名、硕士3名。