玉米单倍体诱导机制的遗传和分子解析

Haploid breeding is one of the core techniques in Maize breeding. We recently cloned one key gene ZmPLA1 controlling maize haploid induction, but the mechanism is still unclear. Based on the single cell sequencing technology developed in our group, we will continute to optimize and develop single cell related genome and transcriptome analysis, and comparative the chromosome stability and differential epigenetic modifications characteristic, transcriptome and metabolome of pollen in the development process of dynamic state between haploid induction and regular lines. Further, enzyme activity assay, yeast two hybrid and protein structure analysis and other associaited biochemical and molecular biological methods will be used to establish the regulation network of ZmPLA1 gene and dissect the genetic and molecular basis of maize haploid induction. Genome editing technology will be used to identify the functions of ZmPLA1 and related regulatory genes thus will enchance the better haploid inducer development and application in other important crops such as rice.

单倍体育种是玉米育种的核心技术之一。我们最近克隆了玉米单倍体诱导关键基因ZmPLA1，但作用机制仍不清楚。本研究计划在利用课题组首次开发的单细胞测序技术基础上，继续优化和发展与之相关的基因组和转录组分析技术，并比较单倍体诱导系和常规自交系花粉动态发育过程中染色体的稳定性和状态、表观修饰特性、转录组和代谢组的差异；通过酶活检测、酵母双杂和结构解析等生化和分子生物学手段，建立ZmPLA1基因的调控网络，解析玉米单倍体诱导的遗传和分子基础。利用基因编辑技术，对ZmPLA1和相关调控基因进行功能鉴定和等位基因优化，人工培育诱导系，并探索在水稻等其它重要农作物中应用潜力。

单倍体育种是玉米育种的核心技术之一。我们创新了一系列植物单细胞分析技术，深入解析了玉米单倍体诱导的遗传和分子机制，提出染色体片段化是单倍体诱导的遗传学基础，为单倍体诱导的双授精假说提供了直接证据。在克隆单倍体诱导关键基因ZmPLA1的基础上，进一步深入解析了其分子机制，认为ZmPLA1基因突变导致磷脂酰胆碱增加导致活性氧的累积，破坏了线粒体的稳态，导致染色体断裂，进而导致单倍体的诱导。在此机制解析的基础上，挖掘了单倍体诱导的新基因，发展了作物单倍体诱导的共性技术，为作物遗传改良提供了新机制、新基因和新技术。