气溶胶冰核对强风暴云微物理过程和降水影响研究

With the intensification of industrial development and human activities, the aerosols emmitted into the atmosphere is increasing. Aerosols acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN, Giant CCN-GCCN) and ice nuclei (IN) can significantly impact the efficiency of hydrometeor growth and the resulting precipitation. Although previous studies have shown that a large number of aerosol concentrations can impact the development of convective clouds, the role of aerosols acting as IN on cloud microphysical processes and the precipitation of hailstorm clouds have not been thoroughly investigated. On the other side, the formation mechanism of hail is complicated, the effect of IN on the development of severe convective clouds and the forecast of severe precipitation could be significant. On the basis of the past research about the effects of aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN, GCCN) on cloud microphysical characters and precipitation, the numerical simulations by meso-scale model will be conducted in an attempt to the further study about the impacts of aerosols acting as ice nuclei (IN) on cloud and precipitation processes of hailstorm clouds in this project. The project aims to investigate the effects of aerosols acting as IN on macro-micro structures of hailstorms, the formation mechanisms of hail particles and the dynamic processes of storms. Special efforts are paid to the investigation of the influences of IN on hailstorms in different atmospheric environment. This research is benefit for the development of severe convective weather precipitation and the improvement of the accuracy of severe weather forcasting. The scientific basis for the principles and techniques about the effective weather modification of strong winds, heavy rain and hail precipitation could also be provided by the project.

随着工业发展和人类活动加剧，排放到大气中的气溶胶日益增多。气溶胶不仅可以充当云凝结核（CCN,巨核-GCCN）还可以充当冰核（IN）影响云微物理过程和降水过程。鉴于人们缺乏对气溶胶冰核影响强风暴及其降水过程的了解，以及该影响在强对流天气、强降水学发展和灾害性降水预报中的重要性，本项目主要利用中尺度数值模式模拟和数值试验分析的方法，在作者之前研究气溶胶充当云凝结核对强风暴云微物理特性和降水影响的基础上，进一步研究气溶胶充当冰核（IN）对强风暴云及其降水过程的影响，其中包括气溶胶冰核对强风暴宏-微观物理结构、冰雹及其他降水形成机制和风暴动力过程的影响。项目也考虑了在不同大气环境背景下气溶胶冰核对强风暴的影响。此项研究有利于强对流天气降水学的发展、有利于灾害性天气预报准确率的提高，为污染大气背景下有效人工影响大风、暴雨和降雹天气的原理和技术研究提供科学基础。

本项目主要利用中尺度数值模式模拟和数值试验分析的方法，在研究了强风暴云微物理特性和降水机制的基础上，进一步研究了气溶胶冰核对强风暴宏微观物理结构和降水的影响。利用观测和数值模拟研究分析了微物理过程和潜热释放对强风暴降水的影响，分析了中国华北地区强风暴云发展初期，旺盛期，消亡期不同阶段的微物理场，动力场和降水场的垂直及水平分布的配置关系，并给出了相应的概念模型。研究显示冰核数浓度增加时对流云发展更加旺盛，上升气流更强，云体组织性更好。通过本研究更加深入了解了强风暴的微物理场和动力场配置关系，以及冰晶对强风暴微物理和降水的影响机制，为人工影响天气提供理论基础。