内芯增强中空纤维阻尼复合材料的三元阻尼耦合关联因子识别与作用机理及规律

According to the new idea of hollow fiber damping composite made by better damping polymer and lined with a high strength fiber hollow rope，the correlation factor the mechanism and law of ternary damping complex function is explored that is Combined with materials damping,damping caused by balloon energy consumption of hollow structure and additional damping of the strain energy loss caused by fiber anisotropy.So the theory model about damping coupling is created,and the technology parameters and structure parameters and their damping performance are optimized of preparating hollow fiber damping materials with different raw materials such as acrylic rubber(ACM),polyimide(PI),hydrogenated nitrile rubber(HNBR) and polyurethane(PU).And the inner relation between the structure design and its damping mechanism is studied.And the modulation mechanism of obviously improving its structure damping is discussed. And the matching between structure damping and its strength is optimized.Through the research of the theory and a lot of experiments, the damping modulation mechanism and its law of the hollow fiber damping composite lined with a high strength fiber hollow rope will be obtained. This study has important academic significance to realize the integration of multiple damping complex function for developing new damping composite and to explore its damping modulation mechanism. In order to meet the increasing development demand of structure damping composite with high damping, lightweight and function integration,this research may laid the foundation of theoretical and experimental research on developing new type high-rise building partition wall materials and aerospace damping composite with high damping and light quality for reduction of their vibration and noise.

针对新构想的将阻尼性能好的高分子材料制备成中空纤维并内衬有高强度纤维中空绳而得到的中空纤维阻尼复合材料，探索其材料阻尼与中空结构的气囊耗能阻尼及内衬纤维各向异性所致应变能损耗的附加阻尼的三元阻尼耦合关联因子与作用机理及规律，创建其阻尼耦合理论模型和优化将丙烯酸酯橡胶、聚酰亚胺、氢化丁腈橡胶和聚氨脂等不同原材料制备中空纤维阻尼材料的工艺和结构参数及其阻尼性能，研究该阻尼复合材料的结构与阻尼机制的内在关系，研究使其结构阻尼明显提高的调制机理及结构阻尼与强度的匹配优化，通过理论和大量实验研究，获得该中空纤维阻尼复合材料之结构阻尼调制机理及其规律，此研究对于实现一体化多元阻尼复合作用的新阻尼材料研发和揭示其内耗调制机理具有重要学术意义，同时可为开发抑振降噪用新型高阻尼高层建筑轻质隔墙材料和航空航天阻尼复合材料奠定理论和实验研究基础，以满足日益增长的复合阻尼结构高阻尼、轻量化和功能一体化的发展需求。

实现轻质多元阻尼复合并揭示其内在关联和阻尼调制机理具有重要学术意义和工程应用价值。本项目针对新构想的具有轻质三元阻尼特性的中空纤维阻尼材料，首先通过大量实验和理论分析，找到了克服丙烯酸酯等橡胶粘度过大难以纺制中空纤维难题的多种配方工艺参数，成功制备出不同聚合物的系列中空纤维阻尼材料,如高阻尼的丙烯酸酯橡胶中空纤维、耐热抗老化的氢化丁腈橡胶中空纤维、耐高温的聚酰亚胺中空纤维、高强度耐腐蚀的聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维、多阻尼峰的橡胶树脂共混中空纤维和不同材料双层纺制的中空纤维等新阻尼材料，并获得了配方和纺丝工艺参数对该系列中空纤维的阻尼性能的影响规律，在无各向异性玻纤内芯的情况下，证实了系列中空纤维阻尼材料的阻尼损耗因子均明显高于同厚度同配方的平板膜的阻尼损耗因子，阻尼峰值增加幅度为20%～60%（即中空气囊阻尼的效果）。然后识别并实验证实了气囊大小（即中空纤维的内径大小所决定的内空腔）和气囊壁面的孔隙结构及壁厚是影响中空纤维中空气囊附加阻尼的最关键参数，并获得了这些关键参数对中空气囊阻尼性能的影响机理及规律。继而系统研究并获得了优化调控中空气囊阻尼最关键影响因子（孔隙结构）所对应的纺丝工艺参数、铸膜液固含量及共混比和添加物种类及形态。在添加物调控孔隙结构的研究中，意外发现了将纳米级废弃物铁尾矿砂按30%的比例添加到铸膜液中有助于提高其阻尼性能且分散性好。还发现并反复证实了中空纤维在不同受载模式（剪切、拉伸和弯曲）下阻尼性能具有各向异性。其阻尼峰值从大到小依次对应剪切、拉伸和弯曲。最后成功将系列铸膜液附着纺丝成型在玻璃纤维编织管上制得三元阻尼中空纤维，既提高了强度又引入了材料的各向异性，借助本课题组对各向异性层合结构阻尼的前期研究成果，识别得到影响各向异性附加阻尼的关键因子为剪切应变能，初步构建了阻尼耦合模型。该成果可为开发抑振降噪用新型轻质多元阻尼复合材料奠定理论和实验研究基础。