基于超宽带移相技术的平面圆极化阵列天线理论与方法研究

Circularly polarized array antennas are widely used in military and civil applications, and broadband and high-gain array design is now regarded as one of the technical difficulties. To solve this problem, the ultra wideband phase shift technology is combined in the project, and ultra wideband differential phase shifter is introduced into the feed network of planar circularly polarized array. The modeling and analysis of the radiation field, the realization method of the planar ultra wideband differential phase shifter, and the comprehensive optimization design of the ultra wide phase shifted circularly polarized array are studied based on the methods of theoretical analysis, equivalent circuit, numerical numeration, electromagnetic simulation, and measurement. By breaking through some of key problems such as control calculation of array radiation, precise control of the phase shift of the phase shifter, and establishing the theory and method of array design, the purposes of the project are to clarify control mechanization of array radiation, to realize precise regulate and control of phase shifter, to extend design method of ultra wideband differential phase shifter, to set up the experiment system and finish the performance test and optimization and to establish design theory and method system. The development and the prospective achievements of the project can provide a new way for the design of broadband high-gain planar circularly polarized array antennas, which is significant for both the scientific research and engineering applications.

圆极化阵列天线具有非常广泛的军事和民事应用，其宽频带高增益设计是目前公认的技术难题之一。基于此，本项目结合超宽带移相技术，将超宽带差分移相器引入平面圆极化阵列的馈电网络，开展超宽移相圆极化阵列辐射场的建模分析、平面超宽带差分移相器的实现方法、超宽移相圆极化阵列的综合优化设计等研究内容，综合采用理论分析、电路等效、数值计算、软件仿真和实验测量等研究手段，通过突破超宽移相圆极化阵列辐射控制计算、差分移相器相移量的精确调控、阵列设计理论与方法建立等相关关键问题，阐明超宽移相圆极化阵列天线的辐射控制机理，实现移相器相移量的精确调控，拓展超宽带差分移相器的设计方法，搭建实验系统并完成性能测试和优化，建立超宽移相圆极化阵列的设计理论和方法体系。本项目的开展及其预期研究结果可为宽频带高增益平面圆极化阵列天线的设计提供新的技术途径，具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。

圆极化阵列天线具有非常广泛的军事和民事应用，其高增益、宽频带、平面化设计是目前公认的技术难题之一。为此，本项目瞄准平面圆极化阵列天线的宽频带、高增益应用需求，将超宽带差分移相器引入圆极化阵列的馈电网络，重点围绕超宽带移相圆极化阵列的辐射控制机理、馈电相移的精确调控、阵列的综合优化设计等关键内容开展研究。具体研究内容可分为以下三个方面：（1）超宽带移相圆极化阵列辐射场的建模分析。首先深入分析了各因素对阵列圆极化和增益特性的影响机理，接着建立了超宽带移相圆极化阵列的辐射场模型，找到了一种计算速度快、精度高的辐射场分析方法。（2）平面超宽带差分移相器的实现方法。结合现有平面宽带差分移相器实现方式，分析了相移量的影响因素，研究了相移量的精确控制方法，提出了满足阵列馈电要求的平面超宽带差分移相器。（3）超宽移相圆极化阵列的综合优化设计。在实现超宽带平面差分移相器的基础上，设计了四端口超宽移相馈电网络，结合宽带圆极化天线单元，实现了超宽移相的四元圆极化阵列，搭建了实验系统并完成性能测试和阵列优化，最终建立超宽移相圆极化天线阵列的设计理论和方法体系。研究成果可应用于对天线轴比和增益性能要求较高的雷达及通信设备中，在军事和民事方面均有十分广阔的应用前景。.项目组已经完成了资助计划书中的研究目标，在项目资助下取得了丰富的研究成果，具体包括：发表论文共计34余篇，其中SCI检索论文6篇，EI检索论文28篇，获得发明专利授权1项，申请受理3项，获批软件著作权2项，出版专著4部。