城市景观-水环境响应机制及调控方法研究

Rapid urbanization and the resulting alteration of city surfaces and landscape patterns pose potential risk for water quality degradation in urban water bodies. In this research, taking Beijing as the study city, in-depth interaction among landscape patterns, non-point source (NPS) pollution, and water environment will be systemically explored within the context of urbanization, facilitating the reflection of urban landscape-water interactive effects, and the establishment of health water environment oriented landscape management modeling approaches. This objective entails: (a) source investigation of NPS in urban areas at cascaded scales based on onsite monitoring, modelled rain, and simulation modeling. Also, fate and transport of typical pollutant will be analyzed. The total pollution load will be determined for quantifying effects of NPS on receiving water bodies to form the foundation of urban water quality and landscape studies. (b) Then, response mechanism will be effectively analyzed between urban water environment and landscape patterns. A novel landscape-incorporated water quality simulation model will then be advanced; and features of urban landscape evolutionary and its impacts on water quality will be probed into rapid urbanization. (c) the regulation objective, target, and method will be given for different urban spots, and a multi-scale multi-period urban landscape regulation and design model will be developed by incorporating interaction among multiple landscape scales. The proposed project will expand and enhance current theory and practice of urban landscape development in terms of both internal implications and external research methodologies. It will also have practical significance not only to landscape design and planning, but also to water quality improvement and risk alleviation. Particularly, this will be of great use to provide decision support for China’s development and urbanization strategies.

快速城市化进程及其景观演变引起的水环境污染风险升高是我国目前面临的突出环境问题。本项目以北京市为典型案例区，系统探讨城市景观格局、非点源污染和城市水环境之间的相互作用机理，揭示城市景观的水环境效应和调控模式。具体研究内容包括：结合采样监测分析、人工降雨试验、模型模拟等技术手段，深入探讨城市典型非点源污染物的输移机理，阐明城市景观影响下的非点源污染的输出规律及影响因素，为城市水环境和景观调控研究奠定基础；系统阐述水环境对城市景观的响应机制，构建基于景观格局的水环境评估模型，探讨城市化背景下的水环境变化规律，为城市水环境保护提供理论和技术支撑；探明城市内各典型场地的调控目标、对象和方法，构建面向水环境保护、多尺度互动的城市景观动态调控模式。研究成果将从内涵和方法上丰富和发展城市水环境保护理论，对城市改造和规划中的景观设计以及水环境保护等方面具重要理论和实践意义，可为国家宏观战略研究提供决策。

快速城市化进程及其景观演变引起的水环境污染风险升高是我国目前面临的突出环境问题。本项目以北京市为典型案例区，系统探讨城市景观格局、非点源污染和城市水环境之间的相互作用机理，揭示城市景观的水环境效应和调控模式。具体开展的工作包括：（1）结合采样监测分析、人工降雨试验、模型模拟等技术手段，深入探讨城市典型非点源污染物的输移机理，重点开展了城市地表灰尘污染分布特征、来源解析、生态分析方面的研究并开展了城市湖泊非点源污染特征与降雨响应差异等方面的系统研究；（2）开展了城市景观格局-水环境多尺度响应机制研究，构建了基于景观格局—水环境响应的多尺度评价境模型；进而进行了景观要素的多元信息反演和历史重建，量化了城市景观格局演变对区域水量平衡和产水服务功能的影响，探明城市景观格局演变对区域水环境变化的贡献；（3）在系统开展单个LID设施及其组合效果研究的基础上，从场地尺度和城市尺度系统研究了微景观LID生态格局设计及其水质控制效能，建立了基于景观生态学指数的微景观尺度LID效果评价方法，量化了城市排水系统中景观设施的多目标优化布局，构建了考虑随机降雨特征的低影响开发设施优化布局方法。.研究成果从内涵和方法上丰富和发展城市水环境保护理论，对城市改造和规划中的景观设计以及水环境保护等方面具重要理论和实践意义。通过研究，达到了预期目标，形成了从事流域非点源污染过程的高水平学科团队；培养国家级青年人才1名，博士研究生7名、硕士研究生11名；在国内外核心期刊发表论文62篇，其中SCI论文44篇，获软件著作权5项；举办或者协办国际/国内会议2次。