双模板法制备多维度多孔复合材料及其孔结构控制

Porous composite materials can act as high-performance electrode materials of energy storage and conversion equipments, due to their high specific surface area, combination of advantages of different functional materials, etc. However, one of the current problems is that the pore structures of the porous composites fabricated for electrode materials are monotonous and mostly disordered, and thus limit the electrochemical performance of the porous composites. On the other hand, dimensionality also determines the performance and applications of functional materials; the diverse techniques employed for the fabrication of electrodes of energy-related devices require materials of various dimensions. Considering the control of pore structure and dimensionality of porous composite materials, this project will attempt to prepare multi-dimensional porous composite materials through a dual-template strategy, and aim to achieve the control of their pore structures. Briefly, functional materials of one-dimension, two-dimension, and three-dimension will be utilized as templates, separately, to control the dimensionality of the resultant porous composites. On these templates, ordered structures formed by interfacial self-assembly of the aggregates of amphiphilic block copolymers, e.g. polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide), will be used as templates to construct ordered porous conducting polymers, mesoporous carbons, mesoporous metal oxides, among other promising electrode materials. Meanwhile, we will study the mechanism of the formation and the control of pore structures, explore the potential applications of the resulting multi-dimensional porous composites in energy storage and conversion, and study the influence of different pore structures on the electrochemical performance of the composites.

多孔复合材料因具有高比表面积，能够结合多种功能材料的优势等特点，可作为高性能的能源存储与转换设备电极材料。目前存在的问题是，用于电极材料的多孔复合物的孔结构单一且多为无序，限制了材料的电化学性能。另一方面，材料的维度也决定着材料的性能与应用；能源设备电极多样化的制造工艺需要不同维度的材料。本项目针对多孔复合电极材料存在的问题，拟通过双模板法制备多维度的多孔复合材料并控制其孔结构。我们将以一维、二维、和三维功能材料为模板控制所制备复合材料的维度。在这些不同维度的模板上，通过两亲性嵌段共聚物（如聚苯乙烯-聚氧化乙烯等）组装体的界面自组装形成的有序结构为模板，制备孔结构可控的有序介孔导电聚合物、介孔碳、或介孔金属氧化物等适用于能源存储与转换设备的电极材料。同时，我们将研究孔结构的形成和控制机理，并探索制备的多维度多孔复合材料在能源存储与转换领域的潜在应用以及孔结构对材料电化学性能的影响。

针对本项目的研究目标，本项目组按预订计划开展研究工作，取得的研究成果主要包括：（1）建立了双模板自组装通用方法，以嵌段共聚物组装体为造孔模板，在不同维度材料表面上构筑有序介孔导电聚合物、氮掺杂介孔碳、介孔金属氧化物等电化学活性材料，获得多种不同维度的多孔复合/杂化材料。（2）利用嵌段共聚物自组装原理，通过调节嵌段共聚物的组成、浓度等参数，获得球形胶束、柱状胶束、囊泡和双连续结构等组装体，并利用这些组装体为模板制备了不同孔结构的多孔复合/杂化材料，实现孔结构的精确调控。（3）探索了所制备的多孔材料在二次电池、超级电容器、燃料电池、电解水分解等能源存储与转换设备中的潜在应用，证明它们具有高于同类无孔或微孔材料的电化学性能，并通过孔结构控制实现了材料器件性能的调控。. 基于上述研究成果，本项目组发表标注本项目资助的SCI论文40篇，其中包括以通讯作者发表的化学/材料领域国际顶尖期刊J. Am. Chem. Soc. 3篇，Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 5篇，Adv. Mater. 1篇。中国专利授权4项，撰写专著章节一章。培养博士毕业生3人，硕士毕业生5人。项目组成员参与国际/国内学术会议20余人次，作邀请/口头报告20余人次。项目负责人获上海市东方学者（特聘教授）人才计划和上海市优秀学术带头人等称号。