气体除湿用含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚芳醚的设计及其复合膜的结构与性能关系研究

Gas dehumidification with membranes is a kind of novel technology for gas dehydration. The properties of dehumidification membranes determine the efficiency of gas dehumidification to some degree. Nowadays, the membrane materials for gas dehumidification applications are insufficient, and the properties of dehumidification membrane cannot entirely meet the requirements of gas dehumidification applications, which limit the commercial applications of gas dehumidification with membranes. Based on the design of molecular structure, heterocyclic copoly(aryl ether)s with pendant phenyl groups will be synthesized. The sulfonation of phenyl groups will be studied to prepare heterocyclic copoly(aryl ether)s with pendant sulfonic acid phenyl groups. Dense films will be prepared from heterocyclic copoly(aryl ether)s with pendant sulfonic acid phenyl groups, and then the effects of main chain structure, sulfonic acid groups content and position of heterocyclic copoly(aryl ether)s with pendant sulfonic acid phenyl groups on the sorption and diffusion of water vapor will be investigated. Composite membranes will be prepared via coating method on the surface of porous poly(phthalazinone ether)s membranes with heterocyclic copoly(aryl ether)s containing pendant sulfonic acid phenyl groups as selective layer materials. The control mechanism of dehumidification membranes microstructure will be studied. The relationship between main chain structure of membrane materials, content of sulfonic acid, morphology of membranes and properties of composite membranes will be investigated. The relationship between structure of membrane material, morphology of amphoteric ion exchange membranes and dehydration properties of membranes will be understood, which has very important theoretical and practical application value on the design and preparation of novel dehumidification membranes for gas dehumidification applications with high water vapor permeability and high selectivity.

膜法气体除湿是一种新型气体除湿技术。除湿膜是膜法气体除湿技术的核心，其性能决定了气体除湿效率。目前，除湿膜的性能还较难完全满足其使用需求，限制了膜法气体除湿技术的推广应用。本项目从分子结构设计出发，合成系列含侧苯基杂环共聚芳醚，研究其侧苯基磺化反应，制备含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚芳醚；制备含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚芳醚均质膜，研究含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚芳醚的主链结构、磺酸基含量及其位置对水蒸气吸附性能和扩散性能的影响规律；以含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚芳醚为分离层材料，在杂萘联苯聚芳醚多孔基膜上经涂覆法制备气体除湿复合膜，弄清含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚芳醚除湿膜微观结构的调控机制；研究膜材料主链结构和磺酸基团的含量以及膜的微观结构等对复合膜性能的影响规律；揭示膜材料结构、复合膜微观结构与除湿性能的关系，对新型高水蒸气渗透性、高选择性气体除湿膜的设计及制备具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。

膜法气体除湿是一种新型气体除湿技术。除湿膜是膜法气体除湿技术的核心，其性能决定了气体除湿效率。本项目从分子结构设计出发，合成了两种含苯基氮杂环类双酚，采用高温溶液缩聚方法合成了系列七类高分子量含侧苯基杂环共聚芳醚。研究了杂环共聚芳醚侧苯基磺化反应的动力学，优化了反应工艺条件，制备了七类含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚芳醚，研究了共聚芳醚的侧苯基含量、磺化改性工艺等与磺酸基团含量的关系，实现了磺酸基含量的有效调控；研究了主链结构、侧苯基含量、侧苯基位置对含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚芳醚性能的影响规律。含苯磺酸侧基聚醚酮的IEC可达到1.73mmol/g，而含二苯磺酸侧基聚芳醚的IEC在0.87-1.93mmol/g之间可调，仍保持较好的尺寸稳定性。采用溶液浇注法制备了含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚芳醚均质膜，研究了共聚芳醚的主链结构及苯磺酸基团含量、位置与膜的亲水性、尺寸稳定性等的关系。测试了含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚芳醚均质膜的水蒸气渗透性能，均质膜的亲水性和水蒸气渗透性能随着苯磺酸基团含量增加而增大，且当IEC相近时，含二苯磺酸基杂环聚芳醚的亲水性和水蒸气渗透性优于含单苯磺酸基杂环聚芳醚；含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚醚砜的水蒸气渗透性优于含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚醚酮。研究了含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚芳醚的主链结构、磺酸基含量及其位置对水蒸气吸附性能和扩散性能的影响规律；随磺酸基团含量增加，其水蒸气吸附量增大。以含苯磺酸侧基杂环共聚芳醚为分离层材料，在杂萘联苯聚芳醚多孔基膜上经涂覆法制备气体除湿复合膜，测试了复合膜的水蒸气渗透速率和氮气渗透通量，研究了膜材料主链结构和磺酸基团的含量、制备工艺等对复合膜性能的影响规律；研究了膜材料结构与性能的关系，对新型高水蒸气渗透性、高选择性气体除湿膜的设计及制备具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。