微喷灌施肥条件下水肥耦合消减三七根腐病的机制研究

Notoginseng with thermophilic cool and damp environment growth habit, as the main raw material of yunnan baiyao, its planting area expands unceasingly, but the yield and quality caused by root rot has fallen dramatically. This project with the main cause of root rot disease - the imbalance between soil microbial community structure and as the breakthrough point, focus on micro spray irrigation fertilization under the condition of the soil microbial community structure and amount of fertilizer effect and succession law, healthy plants and showed the plant root zone soil microbial community structure and the number of differences, proven root rot is an effective means of pathogenesis and their relationship. Based on fuzzy evaluation theory of analytic hierarchy process (ahp) construct the notoginseng " water and fertilization - benefit" response model. To cut and high quality as the goal, notoginseng root rot in panax notoginseng soil microenvironment, the optimal control as the core, the quantitative optimization of micro irrigation fertilization under the condition of irrigation and water management mechanism, the optimal relationship between index of notoginseng mention quality high yield and reduce root rot coupling mode, break the traditional method of using chemical drugs to prevent root rot, out of a healthy and sustainable development of notoginseng industry road, shade condition of cultivated crops efficient water use theory of innovation and technological breakthroughs. The project has important theoretical and realistic significance and broad application prospects.

三七具有喜温凉和阴湿环境的生长习性，作为云南白药的主要原料，其种植面积不断扩大，但因根腐病导致产量和品质大幅下降。本项目以根腐病发病的主要原因-土壤微生物群落结构和数量失衡为突破口，重点研究微喷灌施肥条件下土壤微生物群落结构和数量的水肥耦合效应和演替规律，分析健康植株和发病植株根区土壤微生物群落结构和数量的差异，探明根腐病发病机理及其水肥调控的有效途径。基于模糊评价理论构建三七的“灌溉施肥-效益”响应模型。以消减三七根腐病和提质高产为目标，以三七生长土壤微环境最优调控为核心，定量优化微喷灌施肥条件下灌溉和水肥运筹机制，提出三七提质高产的最佳水肥调控指标与消减根腐病的耦合模式，突破传统利用化学药物预防根腐病的方法，走出一条三七产业健康可持续发展的道路，实现遮荫栽培条件下作物水肥高效利用理论的创新和技术突破。该项目具有重要的理论和现实意义及广阔的应用前景。

如何通过水肥耦合方式，消减三七根腐病害，改善土壤环境，促进三七增产提质对三七绿色健康可持续发展和肥药减施政策具有重要的现实意义。本项目依据我国云南三七种植过程中的根腐病害问题，重点研究了微喷灌条件下水肥耦合对三七根区土壤理化性质和微生态环境、根腐病影响因子、发病率、根腐病削减机制、三七生长、生理、形态特征、水分传输、产量和品质的影响。研究发现灌水频率与微量元素肥料施量耦合、交替灌溉与微生物肥耦合以及调亏灌溉与有机肥耦合能够有效改善三七根区土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构，提升三七对土壤养分（氮磷钾）的吸收，降低三七根腐病发病率、促进三七生长、提升光合速率、增加水分利用效率、三七产量和有效成的累积。通过上述水肥耦合试验得出，能够实现三七根腐病消减和增产提质的最佳水肥耦合模式分别为：灌水频率与微量元素水溶肥组合（每7 天 灌1 次水与150 kg/hm2），交替灌溉与微生物肥组合（5 mm / 15mm交替灌溉与0.33 t/hm2）以及调亏灌溉与有机肥组合（50–35% θf和33 t/hm2）。与传统的高水高肥相比，该研究的最佳供水供肥模式能够有效地节水35~45%，施肥量降低15~25%，产量增加10~15%，三七根腐病发病率降低40~55%，三七皂苷含量增加8~12%。同时，在本项目支持下研发了三七高效生产水肥利用装备。该研究能够为遮阴栽培条件下三七绿色生产增产提质、根腐病害防治实施灌溉施肥耦合技术提供理论基础和技术支撑