基于压电材料的机翼阵风载荷减缓与阵风能量收集研究

Long-endurance aircraft is a hot configuration in aerospace nowadays. The wing load of this aircraft type is specifically small, which leads to significant gust load. It is harmful for aircraft safety. How to alleviate the gust load with limited energy and the new piezoelectric materials is a forefront problem in the current researches. The program is focused on the fluid-structure-electric multified coupling mechanism of an elastic wing with piezoelectric materials under gust. The objective is to predict its gust load exactly, to harvest the gust energy and to alleviate the gust load on key structural locations. The main research contents are those: 1) to present the multifield coupling model of an elastic wing with piezoelectric materials, to predict the effect of piezoelectric materials on wing gust load; 2) to analyze and to optimize the efficiency of energy harvesting of gust vibration energy; e) to present the wing gust load alleviation methodology with piezoelectric materials, to alleviate the gust load of key gust discrete frequency at key structure location; 4) to conduct the gust load alleviation and gust energy harvesting wind tunnel tests of a wing with piezoelectric materials. The applicant has a good research background in gust alleviation theory and test. The success of this program will provide the theoretical and experimental foundations for the development of new materials and new concept of aircraft structure design, which will promote the development of aeroelasticity with new materials and the application of new materials to aircraft design.

长航时飞机是国际研究的热点。这类飞行器翼载荷小，阵风载荷影响显著，危害飞行安全。如何利用压电材料和有限能量减缓阵风载荷是当今国际研究的前沿问题。本项目以包含压电纤维复合材料的弹性机翼为研究对象，研究其在阵风作用下的流-固-电多场耦合作用机理，准确预测阵风载荷，合理收集阵风能量，减小机翼关键部位阵风载荷。主要研究内容有：1)提出包含压电材料的弹性机翼的多场耦合模型，揭示压电材料对机翼阵风载荷特性的影响规律和作用机理；2)优化压电材料收集机翼阵风振动能量的效率；3)提出基于压电驱动器的机翼阵风载荷减缓策略，减小机翼关键部位的阵风载荷；4)开展基于压电材料的弹性机翼阵风载荷减缓和能量收集的风洞试验研究。申请者在阵风减缓理论与实验方面已开展了大量的研究。该项目的完成将为智能材料的气动弹性力学分析和飞机结构设计新理念奠定理论和试验基础。促进智能材料气动弹性力学的发展及其在飞行器设计。

本项目以包含压电纤维复合材料的弹性机翼和飞机为研究对象，建立其在阵风作用下的流-固-电多场耦合作用下的力学模型，准确预测阵风载荷，合理收集阵风能量，减小机翼关键部位阵风载荷。突出的工作有：1)提出包含压电材料的大展弦比弹性飞翼飞机和微型柔性薄膜翼的多场耦合模型，揭示压电材料对机翼阵风载荷特性的影响规律，优化压电材料收集机翼阵风振动能量的效率；2)提出基于压电驱动器和广义预测控制的机翼阵风载荷减缓策略，显著减小机翼关键部位的阵风载荷；3)设计并开展了基于压电材料的弹性飞翼布局飞机阵风能量收集的风洞试验。（4）设计并开展了基于压电材料的大展弦比弹性飞机阵风能量收集和载荷减缓的飞行试验，测量了飞机在真实飞行中的能量收集效果。超额完成项目内容。该项目的完成为智能材料的气动弹性力学分析和飞机结构设计新理念奠定理论和试验基础。促进智能材料气动弹性力学的发展及其在飞行器设计中的应用。