Phaeocystis is a eurythermy and euryhalinity species which has a worldwide distribution and regularly form large blooms. P. antarctica, P. globosa and P. pouchetii are the familiar red tide species. All of the three major species in this genus have polymorphi life cycle with two distinguished stages. These two distinct stages, including solitary formation stage and colony formation stage, aiternate with eaeh other during the whole life history. Phaeocystis spp. dominate large blooms as do the colonies. Due to the protection of the colony skin for the cells therein, effects of many chemical and physical methods removing red tide microalgae vanishes or weakens. Therefore, for the different stages of the life cycle of Phaeocystis spp. (solitary cell/colony cell -small colony / large colony- solitary cell/colony cell released after repture of the large colony), the eleven species of marine macroalgae (Ulva pertusa, Codium fragile, Laminaiia japonica, Sargassum thunbergii, Undaiia pinnatifida, Pelvetia siliquosa, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Porphyra haitanensis, Porphyra yezoensis and Grateloupia turuturu) were screened for quorum sensing natural inhibitors, busting agents and algae inhibiting agent, and evaluated its activities in our project. It is not reported that screen and activity evaluation of quorum sensing natural inhibitors, busting agents and algae inhibiting agents from 11 species of marine macroalgae afore-mentioned alluding.
棕囊藻在全球分布广泛,易形成有害赤潮。南极棕囊藻、球形棕囊藻和波切棕囊藻是棕囊藻赤潮原因种,它们具有独特的生活史,可在游离单细胞和囊体细胞两种形态间转换。棕囊藻大量繁殖形成赤潮时,多以囊体状态存在,由于囊体对内部细胞的保护,致使很多化学和物理方法的除藻效果消失。基于此,针对棕囊藻生活史的3个阶段(游离单细胞/囊体细胞-小囊体/大囊体-囊体破裂后释放的游离单细胞/囊体细胞),本项目从孔石莼、刺松藻、海带、鼠尾藻、裙带菜、鹿角菜、江蓠、坛紫菜、条斑紫菜和带形蜈蚣藻等10种大型海藻中筛选棕囊藻群体感应天然抑制剂、破坏剂和抑藻剂,以期达到抑制3种棕囊藻的胶质囊体形成、破坏胶质囊体和抑制棕囊藻细胞(游离单细胞和/或囊体细胞)生长的目的,为利用大型海藻防治棕囊藻赤潮奠定实验基础和提供理论依据。目前,上述10种大型海藻中棕囊藻群体感应天然抑制剂、破坏剂和抑藻剂的筛选及其活性在国内外尚未见报道。
球形棕囊藻是赤潮原因种,具有独特的生活史。针对其生活史的3个阶段(游离单细胞/囊体细胞-小囊体/大囊体-囊体破裂后释放的游离单细胞/囊体细胞),本项目拟从孔石莼、刺松藻、海带、鼠尾藻、裙带菜、鹿角菜、江蓠、坛紫菜、条斑紫菜和带形蜈蚣藻等10种大型海藻中筛选棕囊藻群体感应天然抑制剂、破坏剂和抑藻剂,以达到控制球形棕囊藻形成赤潮的目的。. 研究内容和研究结果包括,(1)群体感应天然抑制剂的发现和活性评价。发现孔石莼、刺松藻和条斑紫菜中含有活性组分,在此基础上,建立了分离纯化工艺,并纯化到isophytol、8-二十四烯醇、17-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid、绿原酸、6, 7-二羟基香豆素、7-羟基香豆素、gossonorol和7,10-epoxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol。此8种化合物中,8-二十四烯醇和17-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid表现出明显的群体感应天然抑制剂活性;(2)破坏剂的发现和活性评价。发现江蓠和坛紫菜具有活性组分,进一步建立了分离纯化工艺,并制备到3,4-dimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,5-diol、3,7,11,16- tetramethyl -2-heptadecen-1-ol、十六烷酸、di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate和硬脂酸。在5种化合物中,di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate具有较好的破坏剂活性;(3)抑藻剂的发现和活性评价。孔石莼、刺松藻、裙带菜、江蓠、坛紫菜和条斑紫菜含有明显抑制活性组分。进一步建立了分离纯化工艺,分离并鉴定到41种活性化合物。其中,二十二碳酸甲酯等14种化合物具有良好的抑藻剂活性。. 目前,国内外尚未见上述10种大型海藻中棕囊藻群体感应天然抑制剂、破坏剂和抑藻剂的筛选及其活性评价报道,我们的研究结果不仅具有良好的创新性,能为大型海藻生物防控棕囊藻赤潮提供理论依据,而且为大型海藻源棕囊藻抑制剂、破坏剂和/或抑藻剂的开发提供技术支撑,具有潜在的实际应用价值。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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