噪声和混响条件下的老年人言语识别研究

Because the elderly hearing decreases gradually with the increase of age, they are more difficult to understand the speaking in noisy and reverberant environments than young people. It not only causes verbal communication disorders for the elderly, but also leads to a variety of psychological problems. All this will greatly damage the quality of life for the elderly, family relations and social harmony. Based on our previous work experience and accumulation, the project will investigate a suitable room acoustical environment for verbal communication of the elderly by using objective acoustical measurement, questionnaire investigation and interview and subjective listening evaluation. Its aims are to master the subjective acoustical perceptions in the elderly's living buildings, to obtain the basic data of the objective acoustics parameters in these rooms, to reveal the pattern of Chinese speech recognition for the elderly with hearing aid and without hearing aid under the different noise, reverberation time and speech level conditions, to explore the identification of the target speech among the multi-source speech noise for the elderly under various reverberant conditions, and to determine the suitable room acoustics indices for the verbal communication of the elderly. The work will provide a cozy and comfortable living environment for elderly. The results of the project will provide the scientific guidance and experimental basis for the design and the improvement of the new and old elderly's living buildings in acoustical environment, and for the formulation of the related room acoustical standards.

由于老年人的听力随年龄增加而逐渐下降，他们比年轻人更难听懂噪声和混响环境中的说话声。这不仅直接导致老年人言语交流沟通障碍，还会引发多种心理问题，极大地损害老年人的生活质量及家庭关系、社会和谐。该项目以前期工作获得的经验和积累为基础，采用客观声学测量、问卷调查访问和主观听音评价相结合的研究方法研究适用于老年人言语交流的室内声环境。掌握老年人对建筑室内声环境的主观声学感受，获取老年人居住建筑室内客观声学参数的基本数据，揭示不同噪声、不同混响时间、不同语言声级条件下助听和非助听老年人的汉语言语识别规律，探索老年人在不同混响条件下的多源语噪声中的目标语言识别能力，确定适用于老年人言语交流的室内声环境参数，为老年人提供一个安逸、舒适的生活环境。该项目的研究结果将为新建及现有老年人居住建筑室内声环境的设计和改善及相关声环境标准制定提供科学指导和实验依据。

项目在广州市选取11家养老院，采用问卷调查与客观声学测量、主观听音评价相结合的研究方法研究噪声和混响对老年人言语识别的影响。通过客观声学测量和问卷调查，项目获得了这些养老院内老年人卧室、公共活动室和餐厅的客观声学参数及室内外噪声和室内混响对老年人言语交流的影响；通过主观听音评价，研究了不同背景噪声级、不同混响时间、老年人年龄及听力水平对老年人汉语言语识别的影响，研究老年人的言语识别得分与客观语言清晰度参数（语言传输指数、语言接收阈值等）之间的关系和规律，探讨了老年人在不同混响条件下的多源噪声中的目标语言识别能力，研究得出适用于老年人言语交流的室内声环境参数，为老年人提供一个安逸、舒适的生活环境。该项目的研究获得一系列成果，发表了10多篇研究论文，获授权发明专利1件。该项目的研究成果为新建及现有养老院声学环境的改善和设计提供科学依据、为我国养老院声学标准或规范的制定提供科学指导和实验依据。该项目的研究成果不但具有潜在的应用前景，而且具有重要的社会意义。