碳政策下双渠道零售商的分布式鲁棒联合策略研究

The management goal and decision environment of the enterprise have been changed by carbon regulations and e-commerce. The robustness of the operation decisions can help the enterprise obtain high profit and low emission under the uncertain environment. This project will study the dual-channel retailer with limited demand information. On the basis of optimistic coefficient method, we will investigate the dual-channel retailer's joint operation strategies driven by external carbon regulations and internal sustainability investment. First, we will study the distributionally robust joint strategies of product pricing and ordering under external carbon regulations. Second, we will consider the distributionally robust joint strategies of sustainability investment and ordering, and analyze the impact of two carbon emission reduction methods driven by carbon regulations and sustainability investment on retailer's profit and carbon emissions. Third, we will investigate the distributionally robust joint strategies of product pricing and sustainability investment under two carbon emission reduction actuations of carbon regulations and sustainability investment. Finally, we will verify the theoretical results using the survey data. We will test the impact of the single parameter variation on distributionally robust joint strategies by the sensitivity analysis method, and further we will inspect the robustness of the distributionally robust joint strategies with respect to the multi-parameter variation via the Taguchi method. The major contribution of this project to the existing literature is that we use the distributionally robust optimization method to analyze the joint operation strategies of the dual-channel retailer under the carbon emission reduction actuations of external carbon regulations and internal sustainability investment. We will focus on operation management issues caused by the interaction between the limited demand information and carbon regulations.

碳政策和电子商务改变了企业的经营和决策环境，稳健的运作决策能帮助企业在不确定环境下获得高利润和低排放。本项目以需求信息有限的双渠道零售商为研究对象，基于乐观系数法决策准则探讨零售商在外部碳政策和内部可持续投入驱动下的联合运作策略。首先，研究碳政策减排驱动下零售商的分布式鲁棒联合产品定价和订购策略；其次，考虑碳政策下的分布式鲁棒联合可持续投入和订购策略，分析双重减排驱动方式对利润和碳排放的影响；再次，研究零售商在双重减排驱动下的分布式鲁棒联合产品定价和可持续投入策略。最后，利用调研数据验证理论成果，通过灵敏度分析检验单一参数变化对分布式鲁棒联合策略的影响，进一步基于田口实验分析分布式鲁棒联合策略对多参数变化的鲁棒性。本项目的创新之处在于利用分布式鲁棒优化方法分析双渠道零售商在碳政策和可持续投入驱动减排下的联合运作策略，重点解决由于需求信息部分已知和碳政策约束相互作用而引发的运营管理问题。

在低碳经济和电子商务快速发展的时代，稳健的运作决策能够帮助多渠道销售的企业在不确定环境下获得经济和环境绩效协同发展的新局面。基于此，项目综合考虑了碳减排政策和电子商务对企业运营和决策环境的影响，主要以需求信息有限的双渠道零售商为研究对象，利用鲁棒优化等方法探讨零售商在外部碳减排政策和内部可持续投入驱动下的联合运作策略。在研究碳减排政策下零售商的鲁棒订购和定价策略时发现线下销售价格和线下订购量均与线上销售价格成正相关关系，而线下最优销售价格与碳交易价格成正相关关系，线上最优订购量与碳交易价格成负相关关系。在研究碳减排政策下零售商的鲁棒减排投资策略时发现线下减排比例和线下订购量均与线上销售价格呈正相关关系，最优减排比例与碳交易价格成正相关关系。此外，项目还对有限需求信息、碳减排政策和减排投资三个因素对供应链运作的影响分别进行了分析，研究发现在碳交易政策下，双渠道供应链在生产和运输过程中的碳排放量越高，两个渠道的最优零售价格也越高。然而在碳限额政策下，当分配给零售商的碳限额足够时，对供应商的碳排放施加约束会对零售商的利润产生负面影响。当分配给零售商的碳限额得到充分利用时，充分利用供应商的碳限额会在不影响零售商利润的情况下降低供应商的利润等一系列研究结果。除了理论研究，项目还通过数值实验对碳减排参数、需求信息和企业的乐观程度等参数进行了灵敏度分析，找到了不同情形下供应链企业运作决策和供应链绩效对各类参数的灵敏度和鲁棒性。这些研究成果能够为当前处于碳减排政策下的供应链企业如何制定最佳保守运营决策，是否要进行可持续投入，以及是否要花费成本获得需求的完全信息提供了科学依据和决策指导。