反高超声速目标多拦截器中末制导协同交接过程研究

In allusion to the little probability of successful handover for multiple interceptors’ midcourse and terminal guidance, which is caused by small and fast-changing handover window while intercepting hypersonic targets, the concept of cooperative handover procedure is proposed innovatively. The handover is divided into several phases, multiple interceptors’ initial conditions optimization and selection with inaccurate target information, multiple seekers’ direction allocation for cooperative coverage of target predicted corridor cross section, and handover window calculation and prompt ingression based on seekers’ detecting information. By analyzing the terminal guidance capture mechanism against hypersonic targets, the following attempts are to be implemented, including the exploration of terminal guidance capture state space for target predicted corridor; the mathematical description of multiple interceptors’ initial conditions selection based on terminal guidance law capture state along with target existence area with high probability, the final conditions of midcourse guidance restriction mechanism; the prompt cooperation mechanism of multiple interceptors’ networking conditions and the design of dynamic adjusting algorithm to ensure prompt ingression into handover window. With the fundamental researches above, the expectancy accomplishments contain the cooperative handover procedure mechanism for multiple interceptors and the breakthrough of handover difficulties, which will offer theoretical instructions and technological supports for the interception of hypersonic targets, and improve the capabilities of dealing with threats caused by near-space hypersonic weapons and ensuring the national security of air and space.

针对反高超声速目标多拦截器中末制导交接班窗口小、变化快引起的交接班成功概率很小的难题，创新性地提出中末制导协同交接过程的概念，将交接班分为基于非精确探测信息的多拦截器初始状态优化选择、协同覆盖目标轨迹预测管道截面的多导引头指向分配、基于导引头探测信息的交接窗口计算与快速进入等阶段。通过对反高超声速目标末制导规律捕获机理的分析，探索面向目标轨迹预测管道的末制导捕获状态空间特性；建立基于目标高概率区域和末制导捕获状态集的多拦截器状态优化选择问题数学描述，揭示中制导终端状态约束机理；研究多拦截器网络状态快速协同机制，设计动态调节算法，确保多拦截器快速进入动态交接窗口。通过上述基础性问题研究，揭示反高超声速目标多拦截器中末制导协同交接过程的一般机理，突破交接班难的关键问题，为拦截高超声速目标提供理论指导与技术支持，对提升我国应对临近空间高超声速武器威胁、保卫空天安全具有重要理论意义和实用价值。

项目以多拦截器协同攻击的中末交接过程为研究对象，以保证多拦截器开机即截获目标并以最佳初始状态进入末制导为研究目标，主要研究了以下三部分内容：（1）为确保在进入末制导时拦截弹能够形成对目标的有利拦截态势，项目研究了拦截高超声速目标末导引捕获状态空间。首先，项目基于零控拦截流形研究推导了纯比例导引律以及真比例导引律的捕获区，并分析了末制导捕获区的影响因素；其次，将对比例类导引律捕获区的研究延伸到现代制导律上，研究推导了滑模变结构制导律的捕获区；最后，进一步将捕获区的研究拓展到三维空间。（2）为保证在中末交接班时多拦截器导引头视场能够协同覆盖目标轨迹预测管道截面，项目从目标跟踪与轨迹预测问题着手研究了高超声速目标的高概率存在区域。首先，为给目标轨迹预测提供先验信息，项目分别提出了两种有效的目标跟踪模型；其次，为提高高超声速飞行器的目标跟踪效果，项目设计了两种自适应交互多模型目标跟踪方法；再次，针对目标有规律机动和无规律机动两种情况分别设计了最小二乘拟合和混沌时间序列预测两种预测算法；最后，根据对目标跟踪和轨迹预测的研究成果，基于交互多模型算法研究得到了目标的高概率存在区域。（3）结合对末制导捕获状态空间以及目标高概率存在区域的研究，项目展开了面向中末交接班的多拦截弹协同弹道生成与修正研究。首先，提出了一种基于Gauss伪谱法的基准最优弹道生成方法；其次，基于邻域最优控制理论设计了一种最优弹道修正算法；再次，考虑中末交接班时拦截弹的末制导捕获区约束条件，设计了一种有效的中制导弹道生成与修正算法以满足捕获条件；最后，为确保多枚拦截弹导引头在中末制导交接班时刻能够协同捕获目标，基于协同覆盖理论设计了一种中制导弹道生成与修正算法。围绕中末制导协同交接班难的关键科学问题，项目进行了深入的研究，为拦截高超声速目标提供了理论指导与技术支持，在临近空间防御作战中具有显著的应用前景。