历史时期京津地区运河水道变迁研究

The northern part of the Chinese Great Canal in Beijing and Tianjin area is a very important river system,which is composed of several cancals of different times.In history there were perfect canal channel systems in Beijing and Tianjin area,which played an important role especially after Beijing became the capital of ancient China.A lot of researches on the Chinese Great Canal in Beijing and Tianjin area have been done recent years.most of these researches focused on the institutions of the transportation of grains to Beijing from the southern area,social economics effect of the Great Canal and its cultural and social impacts on both sides of these canals.Recently,researches on the heritage value and its protection of the Great Canal are getting more and more important,but the study of the water channels has not been given enough attention and the negligence of the research on water channels of the canal in Beijing and Tianjin area has a negative influence on protection of the Great Canal heritages.In view of this,we will have a specific study of the water channels of Great Canal in Beijing and Tianjin area and its impact on regional human gepgraphy.In order to have a systematic research on water channels of regional canals in history,we will explore all the region concerning water channels of canals of different times in Beijing and Tianjin area with modern technology,fieldwork and archaeological methods,social investigation and historical documents and so on.In these way, we can recognize and confirm all the water channels of canals in different times and reconstruct the water transportation systems of canals in different dynasties.Our study will focus on some important issues about canals in Beijing and Tianjin area,such as how these water channels of canals came into being,how these water channels were regulated and cntrolled to make sure the transportation of grains through these water channels,and the relation between the regulation of canals and other water channels next to it.Through the exploration of sucessive profiles of water channels of these canals in different times,we can establish the evolution procession of the Great Canals in Beijing and Tianjin area.Furthermore,the canals excavated in different times is one of the main shaper of the human geography in Beijing and Tianjin area and the water channels are the most important symbol of the Great Canal culture.So the impact of water channels of the Great Canals on Beijing and Tianjin area will be explored in this research,we will pay close attention to shaping of regional culture along the water channels of canals in different dynasities,then we will clarify the relationship and mechanism between the regional micro-human geographical factors and the evolution of canals sucha as how they interacted with each other and how the mechanism of interaction took form and became the main shaper of regional human geography.

京津地区拥有悠久的漕运历史，具备完善的运河水道系统。目前，对于京津地区运河的研究多偏重于漕运经济、历史文化、遗产保护等方面，而作为漕运航道的运河水道目前尚无系统的专门研究，学术研究的不足直接制约了对运河的深入研究并影响到京津地区部分运河文化遗产本体的确认和保护。鉴于此，本研究将运用深度田野考察、地图学、遥感分析、历史文献考证、微观人文地理要素实证等多种研究方法对京津地区的历代运河水道进行全面探索，充分利用环境考古、测年技术等现代科技手段和实证研究确认运河水道的时代属性以及空间分布特征，结合区域水文特点和自然水系演变分析来重建不同时代的运河水道系统，重点探讨不同时期运河水道的形成的驱动机制以及多重影响因子，通过前后相继的剖面展现来阐述区域运河水道的发展与变迁过程。在此基础上，进一步阐明运河水道变化与区域自然地理环境和人文地理环境之间的相互作用机制。

大运河是中华文明的重要文化载体，北京和天津地区是运河文化最为丰富的地区之一，为了更好彰显京津地区的运河文化，加强运河文化遗产保护，运河文化研究不能满足于运河的社会功能，需要从深层次上加强对北运河河道治理和变迁的研究，揭示运河漕运与运河河道治理和变迁之间的内在关系。本项目的主要研究内容主要有：（1）金代北运河实行漕运之前京津地区的古运河河道，包括三国时期泉州渠和潞河的关系，隋唐时期永济渠故道的研究，辽代萧太后运粮河的探讨。（2）金元明清时期北运河漕运与河道治理的关系，明晰运河河道治理与运河漕运之间的相互作用机制，各个时期北运河河道治理方式的演变及其内在逻辑。（3）系统研究了金元明清时期北运河河道变迁过程，利用多种研究方法确定了各时期北运河古河道的变迁时间，促成因素以及空间地理位置。（4）研究了运河河道治理和变迁过程与运河沿线自然地理和人文地理方便的相互作用机制。本项目研究取得了如下重要成果：（1）首次从微观层面对隋唐时期永济渠故道的位置进行了研究，确定其具体位置。（2）首次系统地对金元时期北运河古河道进行了深入系统研究，确定了金元时期北运河古河道的位置，明晰了金元时期漕运制度形成的内在机理。（3）系统地研究了明清时期北运河治理的方法、过程和演变特征，北运河治理以满足漕运为主要目的，这对运河治理提出特殊要求，需要维持河道弯环形状保持水位，利用堤防固定河道，防止河水泛溢，同时还有对河道浅滩疏濬进行疏濬，这是北运河治理不同于大运河其他河段的独特治理方法。本项目研究对当前大运河文化带建设、北京城市副中心建设提供了最直接的学术支撑，对北京市城市副中心的城市规划、北京市运河文化遗产保护、京津地区运河生态景观带建设、运河文化产业带建设、运河河道治理、京津运河通航以及地下水回灌等能够提供启示与借鉴，为保护、传承和弘扬运河文化具有重要意义。