活模板可控聚合制备含糖聚合物适配体

Identifying bacteria and cells are important in both academic and application research fields. Glycan in life with certain sequences and in combination with non-sugar molecules, produces a wide range of specific recognition. Polymers containing sugar in the side-chain can be synthesized conveniently and have some ability of specific recognition, but most of them reported are based on a single sugar, especially with less control in chain sequence. In this project, monomers are arranged and coded by the specific binding of sugar to proteins on the surface of bacteria and cells. Glycopolymers adapted to the live template with proper structure and sequence are synthesized, which will have good specific recognition ability. We name this new polymer as Aptaglycopolymer. Based on the compatibility of visible light with bacteria and cell, targeted Aptaglycopolymer is synthesized via visible light induced controlled radical polymerization. Through the project, the methodology to synthesize Aptaglycopolymer will be established, and the applications of Aptaglycopolymer on the detection, recognition and regulation of bacteria and cells will be explored. The success of the project will have important significance in the research on the methodology of live-template-polymerization, the exploration of theory on the relationship between sugar chain structure/sequence and specific recognition ability in glycoscience, and the guidance and development of functional sugar-based polymeric materials.

细菌/细胞的特异性识别在学术和应用研究领域都备受关注。生命体中的糖和非糖分子组成的糖链，基于一定的序列和结构产生了众多的特异性识别。合成侧链为糖且具有一定识别能力的含糖聚合物相对便利，但多数基于单一的糖，尤其在链序方面控制较少。本项目利用细菌和细胞表面排列的与糖有特异性结合的蛋白来调控和编码单体，合成具有一定链段结构与序列、适配于活模板、并具有特异性识别能力的含糖聚合物。我们把这种新的聚合物命名为含糖聚合物适配体Aptaglycopolymer。利用可见光对细菌和细胞无损的特点，通过可见光诱导可控自由基聚合来合成目标含糖聚合物适配体，并制备含糖聚合物适配体功能材料，来验证和拓展在细菌和细胞的检测、识别和调控方面的应用。项目的成功开展对基于活模板的聚合方法学研究、糖科学中结构序列与特异性识别相关理论的探讨与深化，指导和拓展含糖聚合物材料的应用将具有重要意义。

对细菌和细胞的特异性识别是在健康相关研究中的一项重要任务，比如区别癌细胞和正常细胞，区别致病菌和有益菌等。除了核酸以及抗体等特异性生物识别分子以外，基于糖的大分子也能够对细胞或细菌产生特异性识别作用。我们重点研究了温和条件下利用可控聚合并基于生物模板来制备线型含糖聚合物适配体的方法。在本项目中，我们围绕“活模板可控聚合制备含糖聚合物适配体”的主题，研究工作主要包括含糖聚合物合成方法、活模板聚合制备高特异性含糖聚合物以及特异性含糖聚合物的应用三个方面。建立了无光引发剂的可见光聚合制备含糖聚合物的方法；开发了敞口太阳光水相聚合制备含糖聚合物的新体系；利用细菌-糖单体-适配聚合，构建了一个获得细菌特异性含糖聚合物的普适性平台；利用敞口高通量聚合以及酶催化聚合等手段，合成了不同含糖聚合物并研究了含糖聚合物组分、链间结构及链内结构对细菌特异性识别的影响。进一步探索了细胞-糖单体-适配聚合，利用两种不同的细胞验证了方法的通用性。另外在含糖聚合物的免疫应用方面也进行了一定探索。