典型卤代阻燃剂及其衍生物在极地生态系统中的赋存与食物链迁移

The halogenated flame retardants of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dechlorane plus (DP) has the characteristics and properties of persistent organic pollutants. The environment contamination problems caused by these pollutants has become research hotspot in environmental science area. Because the derivatives of PBDEs (OH-PBDE and MeO-PBDE) and DP present similar or even stronger toxicity than the retardant itself and they were more and more detected in various environmental matrices, they increasingly attracted much attention in recent years. Based on our previous work,this project intends to carry out systematic study on occurrence of PBDEs and its metabolites, DP and its derivatives in polar environmental matrices and their transport and bio-magnification through marine food chains. The Antarctic Great Wall Station and Arctic Yellow River Station area will be selected as the study area. By chemical analysis of the halogenated flame retardants and their derivatives in polar atmosphere, soil and other non-biological media, the current contamination levels, distribution and partition between different polar matrices will be investigated. Through chemical analysis of these contaminants in polar marine ecosystems at different trophic levels, the distribution and bio-magnification effect of these chemicals in polar marine food chains, and the main influencing factors will be investigated. The results will reveal the current contamination status, transport and transformation behavior of the halogenated flame retardants and their derivatives in polar regions, and provide scientific evidence to assess sources and long-range transport abilities of these contaminants.

多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）、得克隆（DP）等卤代阻燃剂具有持久性有机污染物的特性，其引起的环境污染问题已经成为环境科学的研究热点。而PBDEs衍生物（OH-PBDEs和MeO-PBDEs）、DP衍生物等具有跟阻燃剂本身相似甚至更强的毒性，并且在环境介质中不断被检出，因此近年来引起了人们的关注。本项目拟在已有工作基础上开展极地地区PBDEs及其衍生物、DP及其衍生物的赋存及随海洋食物链迁移放大研究。选择南极长城站、北极黄河站所在地区作为研究区域，通过对极地大气、土壤等非生物介质分析，研究卤代阻燃剂及其衍生物在极地的污染现状及介质分配规律，通过对极地海洋生态系统中处于不同营养级生物的分析，研究污染物在极地海洋食物链中的分布及随食物链迁移放大的规律，探讨影响其生物放大的主控因素。研究结果将揭示卤代阻燃剂及其衍生物在极地地区的污染现状及迁移转化规律，为评估这些污染物的来源及长距离迁移能力提供科学依据

本项目以南极长城站、北极黄河站及其周边地区作为研究区域，针对多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）及其衍生物、得克隆（DP）及其衍生物，通过对极地土壤、植物等环境介质样品分析，研究了卤代阻燃剂及其衍生物在极地的污染现状及分布规律，通过对极地海洋生态系统中处于不同营养级生物的分析，研究了污染物在极地海洋食物链中的分布及随食物链迁移、生物富集放大的规律。优化了不同环境样品的前处理方法，并建立了气相色谱—三重四级杆质谱法分析极地样品中40种目标污染物的仪器分析方法。对北极样品的研究结果表明，北极陆地环境中∑Decs的浓度最高（15.4~18630 pg g-1 dw），其次为∑MeO-PBDEs和∑OH-PBDEs，∑PBDEs的浓度最低。海洋生物样品中四种污染物的浓度相当（未检出~59.2 ng g-1 脂重）。北极植物对PBDEs和DPs均具有较强的生物富集作用，而对MeO-PBDEs和OH-PBDEs的富集能力存在物种间差异。对污染物在海洋食物网中营养级放大趋势的研究结果表明，仅部分MeO-PBDEs同类物和∑MeO-PBDEs存在营养级放大，PBDEs、OH-PBDEs和Decs均呈现营养级稀释的趋势。南极长城站周边陆地环境样品和沉积物中∑PBDEs和∑Decs的浓度范围为2.33~32.7 pg g-1 dw和未检出~234 pg g-1 dw，而∑OH-PBDEs和∑MeO-PBDEs的浓度高达37.5~26412 pg g-1 dw和8.5~5050 pg g-1 dw。海洋生物样品中四种污染物的水平大致相当。生物富集因子的计算结果显示DPs和PBDEs在南极植物样品及海洋生物样品均呈现出较强的生物富集作用，而MeO-PBDEs和OH-PBDEs的富集能力存在种间差异。BDE-154和∑MeO-PBDEs在南极海洋食物网中呈现出显著的营养级放大作用，OH-PBDEs和Decs的浓度则呈现出随营养级稀释的规律。本项目的研究结果揭示了卤代阻燃剂及其衍生物在极地地区的污染现状及迁移转化规律，为评估这些污染物的来源及长距离迁移能力提供了科学依据。