长距离输水渠道闸群应急控制的水力响应研究

The operation of the gate group (check Gate, distribution gate, water release gate) in Long-distance water diversion channel is very important and complicated, contingency responses in sudden incidents is more difficult.Most of existing achievements are about channel control theory or based on normal operation conditions, Lack of research about the emergency joint dispatch under accident conditions and its internal mechanism,it's urgent to carry out in-depth studies.. This project intends to establish long-distance water diversion channel emergency dispatch mathematical model based of full information research, Through adjusting the gate group control combination and control mode to simulate the multiple disturbances in emergency scheduling process, track the unsteady flow hydraulic response of the channel, analysis the variation of hydraulic parameter, ascertain the relationship between the disturbances and channel hydraulic response,parsing the hydraulic contact and the mutual affecting mechanism between canal segments and gates,then optimization emergency control strategy after sufficiently summarized;On the base of this, analysis and refine the key parameters that affect the gates control,research its variation regularity and internal mechanism through cases calculation and contrasting analysis, explore the mutual relationship between control parameters,then give optimal selection method of the parameters and feedback control strategy.. The results can enrich channel control theory and provide technical support for emergency dispatch of the water diversion project, it has strong academic and practical value.

长距离输水渠道闸群（节制闸、分水闸、退水闸）的运行调度十分重要和复杂，遭遇突发事故时的应急调控难度更大。现有研究成果多是渠道基础控制理论方面或基于正常调度工况的，对事故工况下闸群联合应急调度方式及其内在机理的研究还较匮乏，亟待开展深入研究。本项目拟在充分调研的基础上建立概化的长距离输水渠道应急调度数学模型，通过调整闸群控制组合和方式来系统地模拟应急调度的多重扰动，追踪渠道的水力响应过程，分析各水力参数的变化规律，阐明扰动与水力响应之间的对应关系，解析渠段及闸门间的水力联系和相互关联机制，总结提出优化的闸群应急控制策略；在此基础上，分析提炼影响闸群应急控制的关键参数，通过案例计算、对比分析的方式研究其变化规律和内在作用机理，探究各控制参数间的相互影响关系，提出优化选择方法并反馈验证应急控制策略。本项目成果有助于丰富渠道控制理论，为输水工程应急调度提供技术支撑，具有较强的学术及实际应用价值。

本项目经过充分的资料查阅和现场调研后，以实际工程为概化原型，建立了一维长距离输水渠道应急调度数学模型。通过调整闸群控制组合和方式来系统地模拟应急调度的多重扰动，追踪渠道的水力响应过程，分析各水力参数的变化规律，阐明扰动与水力响应之间的对应关系，解析渠段及闸门间的水力联系和相互关联机制，总结提出优化的闸群应急控制策略；经过模拟计算和分析，甄选提出了影响应急调度过程的关键影响因素（渠首闸控制方式，节制闸启闭速率、频率，节制闸目标水位、预警水位，退水闸、分水闸控制方式等），并通过对比研究的方式分别开展针对性的敏感性研究，反馈验证闸群控制规则，给出了优化选择建议，具体如下：. 1.事故状态下渠首闸应采用闸门机械设备允许的最大速率关闭至目标开度。. 2.节制闸启闭速率与弃水量和闸前水位最大壅高成正比，应急处置要求尽可能快地完成关闭过程，在实际运行中应根据事故渠段优化选择关闭速率，减少弃水损失。. 3.节制闸启闭方式对闸前水位雍高与渠段弃水量影响较大，动态调整闸门关闭速率能有效降低闸前水位雍高和弃水量。. 4.节制闸启闭频率对闸前水位最大壅高影响较小，但可有效减少渠段弃水量，采取更短间隔闸门动作频率对应急调度更有利。. 5.节制闸目标水位与闸前水位最大壅高值成正比，与渠段总弃水量成反比。在工程调度中应尽量加大事故上游渠段节制闸前目标水位，利用渠道槽蓄量减少弃水损失。. 6.节制闸预警水位越趋近加大水位，弃水量越小，建议总体选取加大水位作为预警水位，个别闸单独优化。. 7.弃水闸启用水位越低，闸前水位最大壅高越低，弃水量越大；弃水闸关闭水位越高，渠段总弃水量越小，最大水位壅高影响不明显。. 8.分水闸控制采用分水闸流量与事故节制闸上闸流量与实时动作时间联合控制的方案下，全渠段闸前水位稳定时间最短，事故段下游总分水量最大，能更长地延长明渠下游及末端供水时间。. 本项目成果有助于丰富渠道控制理论，可为输水工程应急调度提供技术支撑。