陶瓷类文物新型修复材料的研制

There are abundant of ceramic culture relics, which urgent need to be repaired. But common materials used for the restoration of ancient ceramics such as plaster have several fatal defects of loosen structure, weak strength and large probability of new destructive effect to the ceramic wares. And also the imitation coating materials of glaze have some disadvantages of poor thermal stability, large probability of turning yellowish and peeling off, etc. So it needs to be improved urgently. The project attempt to make usage of the high strength, easy control of chemical composition and property of geopolymer materials and modify them to develop a kind of restoration materials fitting for different ancient ceramic bodies, according to the basis of preliminary work and the experiences of traditional restoration of ceramic cultural relics. Meanwhile, a kind of high performance and easy solidification in normal temperature polyorganosiloxane resin epoxy hydrogenated bisphenol A paint which is fitting for the surface restoration of ceramic cultural relics is prepared by property modification and technical process adjusting to break through the bottleneck of weak durability and bad discoloration of traditional imitation coating materials of glaze. The research will not only expected to overcome the shortcomings of restoration material single and to improve the inadequacy of restoration effect for ceramic cultural relics, but also greatly boost the scientific conservation and efficient exhibition of the restoration of ceramic culture relics.

我国拥有数量巨大的残损陶瓷类文物，亟待整理修复，其中修复材料是影响修复质量的关键瓶颈。目前常用的陶瓷类文物修复胎、釉补全材料分别存在结构疏松、强度差、易对文物造成二次损害和热稳定性差、易泛黄或剥落等不同程度的缺陷，亟待提升。鉴于此，本项目将利用地质胶凝聚合物材料高强度、组分和性能可控等优势，针对比较典型的陶瓷类文物胎体研制相关系列的高性能胎体修复补全材料。同时，通过尝试改性和调整工艺参数，制备一种兼具无机和有机涂料性能有点的聚硅氧烷-氢化双酚A环氧树脂复合涂料，以突破传统仿釉有机涂料耐候性、色变性不佳的瓶颈。有望改进陶瓷类文物修复材料单一、修复效果欠佳等不足，对于珍贵陶瓷类文物遗产的科学保护和有效展示将产生重大推动作用。

课题研究针对目前常用的陶瓷类文物修复胎、釉补全材料分别存在结构疏松、强度差、易对文物造成二次损害和热稳定性差、易泛黄或剥落等不同程度的缺陷等问题，利用地质胶凝聚合物材料的优势，选用超白高岭土为铝硅酸盐原料，钠水玻璃及NaOH为复合激发剂，不仅探索制备了可用于高白度古陶瓷修复的碱激发胶凝聚合材料，还通过调整TiO2或ZrO2添加量等工艺参数，研制了适宜于不同材质属性陶瓷类文物的系列新型胎体补全修复材料，所制备的碱激发高岭土胶凝聚合材料具有优异的粘结性能、抗老化性能、白度等，是优良的陶瓷胎体修复材料。同时，课题研究制备了高透明度、无毒无害的无机胶凝聚合物仿釉材料，并通过添加不同细度的玻璃微珠和矿物颜料，可适宜古代不同颜色釉瓷器的修复，解决了传统陶瓷类文物修复仿釉材料热稳定性差、耐紫外光差、易泛黄或剥落等缺点。此外，课题还借鉴硅酸盐玻璃熔体理论，创新性地提出了碱激发高岭土胶凝聚合“水熔体”理论，拓宽了碱激发胶凝聚合材料的其它应用领域，并为探索研究完善其反应机理提供了新方向。该研究工作，不仅突破性地解决了陶瓷类文物修复材料单一、修复效果欠佳等问题，对于珍贵陶瓷类文物遗产的科学保护和有效展示也将产生重大推动作用。