有应急车辆的城市道路混合交通流建模与特征参数研究

Stochastic and time-varying characteristics of road network traffic have a direct impact on rescue reliability, while the traffic data is the key parameter for auxiliary path choice of emergency vehicles. When the emergency vehicles pass through, their priority makes their individual behavior be different from other vehicles obviously, and causes the driving behavior and psychology of social vehicles to be at variance with those of daily traffic. In previous studies, the interaction rule and impact mechanism between emergency vehicles and traffic flow are rarely involved. This project takes emergency vehicles on urban roads as the object of study. Based on statistics, traffic psychology and traffic flow theory, combined with cellular automaton simulation technology, starting from the traffic flow modeling and experiment, the operating environment of emergency vehicles passing traffic will be firstly resolved. Then the driving behavior and the psychology of each kind of vehicles shall be analyzed, the establishment and simulation of mixed traffic flow cellular automaton model are to be achieved, simultaneously a vehicle test platform will be built. Finally, we discuss the mixed traffic flow characteristic parameters, especially the fluctuation rule of emergency vehicle travel time in different traffic flow. The results have important theoretical significance and practical value to explore the movement regulation of traffic flow with emergency vehicles, rich theory of traffic flow modeling and solve the emergency vehicle path choice problem.

随机时变的道路网络交通直接影响应急车辆响应可靠性，而交通流数据是辅助应急车辆路径选择的关键参数。应急车辆通行优先权使其个体行为明显有别于社会车辆，并导致社会车辆的驾驶行为及让行心理均异于日常。以往交通流模型研究中，对应急车辆与交通流的相互作用规律及影响机理涉及较少。本项目拟以城市道路应急车辆为研究对象，立足统计学、交通心理学和交通流理论，结合元胞自动机仿真技术，从交通流建模和实验两方面入手，首先解析有应急车辆通行时的交通运行环境；然后剖析各种车辆的驾驶行为和心理，建立混合交通流元胞自动机模型并仿真实现，同时搭建实车实验平台；最后探讨混合交通流特征参数，尤其是应急车辆行程时间随交通流的波动规律。研究成果对于探索有应急车辆的交通流运行规律、丰富交通流建模理论和解决应急车辆路径选择问题具有重要的理论意义和现实价值。

应急车辆行程时间直接影响救援效果，其可靠性是路径出行时间稳定性的评价指标。随机时变的道路交通对应急车辆路径选择产生重要影响，有必要深入探讨。本项目以城市道路应急车辆为研究对象，立足统计学、交通心理学和交通流理论，结合元胞自动机仿真技术，研究了有应急车辆通行的交通流运行规律。具体研究内容包括：解析了有应急车辆通行的交通物理环境；设计了交通调查方案，搭建了数据采集平台；建立了涵盖应急车辆逆向行驶、交叉口、路段行人过街、路段冰雪路面、人车路综合等不同道路和交通条件的交通流元胞自动机模型；对交叉口和路段分别建立了应急车辆行程时间及可靠性模型。模型验证结果表明：微观仿真模型在饱和流量和密度等参数方面贴近实际交通，具有较高的可靠性；交叉口应急车辆行程时间预测误差在5%，路段应急车辆行程时间预测误差在16%。本项目的研究为完善交通流建模理论及优化应急车辆调度提供技术支持，具有十分重要的理论意义和应用需求。