花生膜上精量排种机理与装置创成研究

To face the practical problems that the peanut seed has a high damage rate and a low seeding accuracy during semi-precision planting of traditional peanuts in Xinjiang area, it is impossible to carry out fine planting and scale production in large scale areas. Combining the planting pattern of drip irrigation under the membrane for peanut in Xinjiang area , this paper creatively develops a precision metering technology and matching device on the membrane by sucking seeds of pneumatic precision, taking seeds of mechanical assistance and stability, bunch planting and duckbill device synchronous punching on the membrane, and precision casting seeds of dead weight. The migration mechanism of the peanut seeds will be clarified in the metering process, and the key structure and significant operating parameters of metering device should be optimized by analyzing the rules of the seed displacement, the velocity and acceleration velocity during metering process in the confined space. The damage mechanism under the dynamic effect of seed collision, adsorption, shear and extrusion will be analyzed in the metering process, the relationship between the physical and mechanical properties of seeds and the damage rate will be investigated, and the critical influencing factors of the seeds damaged by external force can be determined in the migration process. The digital prototyping of metering device will be established and the study on related experiments will be conducted. The project research achievements can provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the research of precision metering technology of large-grain crops.

针对新疆地区花生传统机械半精量种植中种子破损率高、播种精度低，无法开展大区种植精细化、规模化生产的现实问题，结合新疆花生膜下滴灌种植模式，创新性提出一种气力精量吸种、机械辅助稳定携种、穴播鸭嘴膜上同步打孔、自重精准投种的膜上精量排种技术及装置。通过解析受限空间内种子在排种过程中的位移、速度及加速度规律研究，明确排种过程中种子的运移机理，优化排种装置关键结构及重要运行参数；解析排种过程中种子碰撞、吸附、剪切、挤压动态作用下的破损机制，探讨种子物理机械特性与破损率关系，明确迁移过程中种子受外力破损的关键影响因素,构建排种装置数字化样机，并开展相关仿真分析与试验研究。本研究将为大籽粒作物精量排种技术的研究提供理论基础与技术支持。

为实现新疆地区花生种植的精细化、规模化、现代化机械作业生产，针对新疆花生铺膜滴灌的农艺要求，本项目重点开展花生了气力机械组合式膜上精量排种系统机理及排种装置数字化、模块化、系列化创成的研究，实现了如下研究目标：通过对排种过程的解析，探明了种子及种子群在受限空间环境下的迁移机制，建立了种子动态运移中的动力学及运动学模型；进一步阐明了排种过程种子破损机理，设计了新型花生精量排种机构，以降低种子运移过程机械破损率，提高单粒精度；基于现代设计的快速创成技术，优化排种装置结构参数与运行参数，开展参数排种装置数字化系统设计与仿真研究，完成了花生膜上精量排种装置试制与性能试验。