高性能Fe3O4/菌种生物纳米复合结构净化核废水的基础研究

In order to remove the radioactive nuclear waste from the water with the properties of green, high efficient and high target selectivity, which is low-density, highly toxic, and difficult recycle, in this project it is to optimally choice the Fe3O4 nanoparticles and fibrous fungus structure as the research subject. Through regulating and controling the preparation parameters of Fe3O4 nanoparticle/fungus based nano biological composite structure, Fe3O4 nanoparticle/fungus composites with fast, high efficient, no second pollution and magnetic recycling can be developed. It is needed to point out that the current research can result in developing a universal new technology to produce nano/biological composite structure with the magnetic recycling performance. After characterization of the adsorption properties of the composite structure system, it is hoped to reveal the influences between the performance of removing uranium ions in waste water and the composition, microstructure, fuguns type and their activity. Based on these results, the growth mechanism and adsorption mechanism of the composite structure at the molecular level an be investigated. Furthermore, we constantly sum up the common law at the nanoscale level and provide some basic theories and key technologies for practical application in the treatment of nuclear waste water. At the same time, the current research idea can be expanded to other nano material/biological composite system, and it is hoped to provide a theoretical guidance and technical support for developing the composite nuclear adsorbent with highly efficient, stable, and enrichment recycling. Clearly, the current study can have an important practical application and a certain theoretical guidance meaning.

本项目以绿色高效、高选择靶向去除核废水中低浓度、高毒性、难回收的核污染物为目标，通过优化选择Fe3O4纳米颗粒和纤维状菌种结构为研究对象，不断调控Fe3O4纳米颗粒/菌体生物纳米复合结构的制备工艺参数，实现快速、高效、无二次污染和可磁力回收的基于Fe3O4纳米颗粒/生物复合结构的研制，进而发展一种普适的可磁力回收的纳米/生物复合结构制备新技术。系统表征其复合结构的吸附特性，揭示除铀性能与其组分、微观结构、菌种种类和活性之间的影响关系，在分子水平上探讨复合结构的生长机制和除铀吸附机理，不断在纳米尺度水平上总结共性规律，为其实际应用提供一定的基础理论和关键技术。同时，本课题的研究思路还可以拓展到其他纳米材料与生物复合体系当中，为研发具有高效、稳定、易富集回收的纳米/生物复合核吸附剂材料提供一定的理论指导和技术支持，显然具有重要的实际应用价值和理论指导意义。

本研究通过优化选择Fe3O4纳米颗粒和纤维状菌种结构，不断调控Fe3O4纳米颗粒/菌体生物纳米复合结构的制备工艺参数，制备快速、高效、无二次污染和可磁力回收的基于Fe3O4纳米颗粒/生物复合结构的吸附材料，进而绿色高效、高选择靶向去除核废水中低浓度、高毒性、难回收的核污染物，发展一种普适的可磁力回收的纳米/生物复合结构制备新技术。系统表征其复合结构的吸附特性，揭示除铀性能与其组分、微观结构、菌种种类和活性之间的影响关系，在分子水平上探讨复合结构的生长机制和除铀吸附机理，不断在纳米尺度水平上总结共性规律，为其实际应用提供一定的基础理论和关键技术。同时，本课题的研究思路还拓展到了其他纳米材料与生物复合体系当中，研发了移除废水中重金属离子的高效、稳定、易富集回收的纳米/生物复合核吸附剂材料，探讨了其吸附动力学和吸附机理，为更先进的可回收吸附材料提供了一定的理论指导和技术支持。显然具有重要的实际应用价值和理论指导意义。