高动态三维水声传感器网络群智能路由技术研究

The underwater acoustic sensor networks (UW-ASNs) have broad and promising applications in both civic and military areas, in which routing is underlying technologies. The highly-dynamic topology of dynamic 3D UW-ASNs, combined with long propagation delay, high pass loss and high-energy consumption in underwater acoustic communication, brings many challenges to design efficient and effective routing protocols. In order to solve these problems, this project focuses on research of the routing techniques for dynamic 3D UW-ASNs. Firstly, by analyzing the movement of underwater autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV), the collision detection and avoidance mechanisms are proposed, then a novel collision-avoidance and smoothly mobility model is presented to reflect movement of AUV accurately and generate highly-dynamic network topology. Secondly, the path selection mechanism is established based the newly emerging swarm intelligence algorithm, which is applied to implement new swarm intelligence based routing protocols for dynamic 3D UW-ASNs to increase the adaptability to highly-dynamic 3D topology. Finally, based on the characteristic of the AUV, a novel mapping mechanism between swarm intelligence and clustering process is achieved. Then novel swarm intelligence based clustering routing protocols for large-scale dynamic 3D UW-ASNs are proposed to prolong the network lifetime. In a word, the project will provide the theoretical and practical foundation for many engineering applications such as deep-sea exploration, marine data collection, maritime situational awareness and so on.

水声传感器网络（UW-ASNs）在民用和军用领域蕴藏着巨大的应用价值，路由技术是其核心支撑技术。动态三维UW-ASNs的高动态网络拓扑，加之水声通信的长延迟、大衰减和高能耗等因素，为实现高性能路由协议带了挑战。本项目拟开展动态三维UW-ASNs路由技术研究，具体为：1）分析水下自主航行器(AUV)的运动特征，建立碰撞感知和规避机制，提出碰撞避免、平滑的移动模型，准确反映AUV节点的运动规律，生成高动态网络拓扑；2)建立基于新兴的群智能算法的路径择优机制，提出新的动态三维UW-ASNs群智能路由协议，增加网络对高动态拓扑的适应性；3)在充分考虑AUV节点因素的基础上，建立新兴的群智能算法与分群过程的映射机制，提出适用于大规模节点场景的动态三维UW-ASNs分群路由协议，延长网络生命周期。研究成果有望为动态三维UW-ASNs在深海探测、海洋数据采集和海上态势感知等领域的应用提供理论和技术基础。

水声传感器网络(UASNs)作为水下物联网(IoUT)的关键技术，引起了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。UWSNs的高时延、高移动性和低带宽等特点，为设计高性能的三维UASNs路由协议带来了挑战。本项目直面挑战开展了三维UASNs路由协议的研究，取得的主要成果为：(1) 提出了一种适用于3D UASNs的博弈论路由协议GTRP。GTRP采用转发区域和节点度估计策略，将分组转发过程视为博弈过程，实现了基于博弈论的UASNs网络路由协议。(2) 提出了一种适用于三维UASNs的基于位置的自适应路由协议ALRP。ALRP采用转发区域、自适应转发概率和自适应转发延迟三种策略，提高了分组转发效率，实现了UASNs自适应路由协议。(3) 提出了一种基于转发区域容量期望和剩余距离数学期望的UASNs路由协议EFAV-MERD。EFAV-MERD根据转发区域的容积期望的剩余距离数学期望来选择下一个转发节点，提高了传输可靠性和降低传输开销。(4) 运用NS-2或NS-3对提出协议进行了仿真验证，仿真结果证明了所提出协议的有效性和可行性。研究成果有望为动态三维UW-ASNs在深海探测、海洋数据采集和海上态势感知等领域的应用提供理论和技术基础。