限制水域中船舶尾浪对系泊船舶的影响研究

This research focuses on the effects of passing ship on moored ships in restricted waters by a multi-module and multi-domain coupling method. In this method, a near/far field combined method is adopted to predict the washes and its propagation of passing ships considering nonlinear effects, shallow water and effects of waterway. Near field waves are predicted by a high-precision generalized boundary element method. Far field waves are calculated by obtaining wave spectrum based on the results of near field calculation when with constant water depth is concerned, or by a N-S based non-static wave flow model when inconstant water depth. A numerical method based on 3-D diffraction method is used to solve the response of moored ship; a numerical analysis method based on direct time-domain coupling is adopted to analyze the nonlinear effect between moored ship and mooring system. Based on these methods, the effects of ship form, velocity, water depth, location of passing ship, navigation angle of passing ship, shape of yard on the response of moored ship in the washes generated by passing ship will be studied numerically; the corresponding evaluation method about the effects of passing ship on moored ship will be proposed. This research has academic significance for the safety of ships and environment in restricted water, relevant results can provide technical support for the R&D of low-wave and low-wash ships, and the control of ship washes, and can also provide scientific basis for harbor construction and safety.

本项目以一种多模块、多区域的耦合方法数值模拟限制水域中航行船舶产生的尾浪对系泊船舶的影响，该方法采用综合计及非线性、浅水、航道影响的近、远域耦合的数值方法预报限制水域中航行船舶产生的尾浪及传播规律，近域兴波计算采用高精度的广义边界元法，远域兴波计算通过分析近域计算结果获取波浪谱对等水深问题进行求解，采用基于N-S方程的非静压波浪模型对变水深问题进行求解；系泊船舶的运动响应问题采用基于三维辐射理论的数值方法；系泊船舶和系泊系统的非线性影响采用基于直接时域耦合的数值分析方法。通过数值计算研究限制水域中船型、航速、水深、航行船舶位置、航行角度、停泊港口形状等因素对尾浪中系泊船舶运动响应的影响规律，提出尾浪对系泊船舶影响的相应评判方法。本项目研究在限制水域中航行船舶安全及环境影响领域具有学术意义，有关成果将为低尾浪、低冲刷船型的研发及尾浪的控制提供技术支持，为港口建设与安全提供必要的科学依据。

随着船舶的大型化和高速化，航行船舶产生的尾浪对附近船只以及环境的影响也越来越大，通过对港口实际情况的观察分析，我们容易发现，航行船舶产生的尾浪是影响港口内系泊船舶安全的一大因素。对于系泊船舶而言，航行船舶产生的尾浪对系泊船舶的运动及系泊力均会产生影响，严重时可能会导致装卸操作的停摆，系泊系统的崩溃等。如何准确预估航行船舶的尾浪和减小尾浪对系泊船舶的影响，已经成为了船舶工程界关注的重点问题之一。.本研究以一种多模块、多区域的耦合方法数值模拟限制水域中航行船舶产生的尾浪对系泊船舶的影响，该方法采用综合计及非线性、浅水、航道影响的近、远域耦合的数值方法预报限制水域中航行船舶产生的尾浪及传播规律，近域兴波计算采用高精度的广义边界元法，远域兴波计算通过分析近域计算结果获取波浪谱对等水深问题进行求解，采用基于N-S方程的非静压波浪模型对变水深问题进行求解；系泊船舶的运动响应问题采用基于三维辐射理论的数值方法；系泊船舶和系泊系统的非线性影响采用基于直接时域耦合的数值分析方法。.本研究采用近、远域相结合的方法对深水条件下NPL单、双、三体船的船舶远域波形进行了计算，并将不同纵切位置处计算得到的波形结果与试验结果进行了比较分析；以近、远域相结合方法获得的船舶尾浪为基础，通过基于三维辐射理论的方法对系泊船舶在尾浪作用下所受的波浪力、运动响应以及系泊力、护舷力进行了计算，讨论了航行船舶速度、两船间距、水深等因素对系泊船舶运动和受力的影响，同时通过模型试验讨论了船型、船速、两船间距、水深等因素对船舶尾浪中系泊船舶水动力特性的影响。得到的相关经验和结果可为航行船舶尾浪的控制和降低提供理论基础，可为低尾浪、低冲刷船型的研发提供技术支持，为港口建设与安全提供必要的科学依据。