高盐极端环境土壤腹毛纲原生动物的细胞发生与物种多样性研究

Because of the special environment, organisms in extreme environment are usually different from other biological organisms in morphology and genetic information, and is a research hotspot in the field of modern biology. Protozoa is the highest group in the eukaryotic microbiology, which has the most complex and differentiated organelles, as well as shows a higher diversity of species. Among them, hypotrichs is the group with most biodiversity and developed structure. So, the ontogenesis and biodiversity of hypotrichs is one of the most active fields in zoological studies all over the world. Our project mainly focus on the free living hypotrichous ciliates inhabiting in the hypersaline extreme environment soil, 1) to investigate the morphogenetic process during asexual fission of about 20 species/taxon which are un- / poorly-known or mean much to evolution, cell differentiation and system evolvement. Based on the analysis on these results and comparing the diversity of their pattern formation, to present and outline the division modes of these species/taxon; 2) to obtain the morphology and α-taxonomy of about 60 species and provide information for soil fauna research; 3) to investigate the fauna and biodiversity of different types of hypersaline soil using the modern taxonomic method; 4) to obtain the DNA of about 60 taxa, as well as sequencing of some representative taxa and submit to Genbank which contributes to the international molecular biology accumulation of soil ciliates

由于生活环境特殊，极端环境生物在形态和遗传信息等方面通常不同于其它生物，是生物学研究中广受关注的重要方向。原生动物为分化最高等的单细胞真核动物，腹毛纲则是其中多样性及特化程度最高的类群，其个体发育与多样性研究始终是广义动物学研究中最活跃的领域之一。本研究拟以高盐极端环境土壤生腹毛纲纤毛虫为研究对象，1）完成约20个具有代表性和系统重要地位的关键种/属的细胞发生学研究，揭示不明类群的重要的发生学现象、特征和规律，构建各重要阶元的发生学模式，填补相关空白；2）完成约60个极度缺乏了解的物种的形态学与分类学研究，填补相关空白，并为我国土壤动物志的建立提供资料上的保证；3）获得我国高盐土壤中腹毛纲纤毛虫的多样性资料，并形成图谱，为高盐土壤生纤毛虫的生态功能研究提供先行基础；4）完成约60个遗传信息未知种的基因提取、建库、测序及提交Genbank，为国际间纤毛虫分子生物学档案资料的积累做出建设性贡献

四年来在青海、甘肃、宁夏以及陕西省等高盐极端环境地区开展样本采集（约200批次）的基础上，对该类型土壤环境中的纤毛虫多样性开展了研究，取得了如下成果：1、细胞发生学方面：建立了卡尔科、施氏毛虫科、殖口科、枝毛科、尾柱科、伪尾柱科、尖毛科及棘尾科等迄今急待了解的关键类群中约13个具有重要细胞分化、系统演化意义种类的发生模式，揭示一系列的发生学新现象；2、形态、分类学方面：建立了约50个极度缺乏了解的种类的形态学模型，根据属级以上阶元的定义，完成其分类学鉴定、厘定、修订和清理工作，并形成图鉴；3、获得了该类型土壤纤毛虫的物种多样性信息；4、遗传多样性研究方面：构建包含约60个高盐极端环境土壤生之腹毛类纤毛虫种类的DNA库及向Genbank提交其SSU rDNA，LSU rDNA，alpha-tubulin和ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列。