瞬态冲击下炮管-摇架间隙动态效应及射击密集度评估

Keeping good performance of firing dispersion to destroy targets quickly and accurately has become the major development direction of weapon equipment planning in the world. This project focuses on the prominent problem affecting artillery firing dispersion, that is, the dynamic effect of the barrel-cradle clearance under transient impact. Firing dispersion assessment method based on the clearance dynamic analysis, clearance nonlinear identification and impact force identification is studied. Firstly, starting with the analysis of the physical characterization presented by the clearance effect, local refinement modeling method of sliding pair clearance is to be studied, and the mechanical model of the barrel-cradle structure with clearance is to be constructed to reveal the interrelationship between the clearance and the muzzle vibration under transient impact. Then, the combining study of the piecewise fitting method and description function footprints method is to realize the dynamic extraction of the clearance parameters from vibration responses. Lastly, the sparse regularization method is studied to solve the force identification equation of the clearance nonlinear structure to obtain the impact force. Combining the obtained clearance parameters and impact force is applied to assess the state of firing dispersion and diagnose the cause of the large shooting deviation. This project is expected to make breakthroughs in the study of clearance nonlinear system modeling, clearance parameters identification and impact force identification. It can provide technical support for dynamic error compensation of artillery firing dispersion and improvement of the artillery strike precision.

维持火炮良好的射击密集度状态，快速、精确摧毁目标，是世界各国武器装备发展规划的重点支持发展方向。本项目聚焦于影响火炮射击密集度状态的突出问题，即瞬态冲击下的炮管-摇架间隙动态效应，研究基于间隙动力学分析、间隙非线性系统辨识以及冲击载荷识别的火炮射击密集度评估方法。首先，从分析间隙效应所呈现的物理表征入手，研究滑动副间隙局部细化建模方法，构建含间隙炮管-摇架动力学模型，揭示瞬态冲击下间隙与炮口振动的关联关系；然后，研究分段拟合法和描述函数图法，从系统振动响应信号中，实现间隙参数的动态提取；最后，在构建间隙非线性结构载荷识别方程的基础上，研究稀疏正则化求解方法，实现冲击载荷的识别，结合获取的间隙参数，评估火炮射击密集度状态，诊断射击偏差变大的原因。项目预期在间隙非线性系统建模、间隙参数辨识以及冲击载荷识别上取得突破，为实现火炮射击状态下密集度误差动态补偿，提高火炮精确打击能力提供技术保障。

维持火炮良好的射击密集度状态，快速、精确摧毁目标，是世界各国武器装备发展规划的重点支持发展方向。炮管作为辅助弹丸膛内运动的关键部件，其与支撑摇架间不合理的间隙以及射击时产生的异常瞬态冲击载荷是造成炮管末端振动加剧，进而导致火炮射击密集度性能降低的重要因素。鉴于此，本项目聚焦于影响火炮射击密集度状态的突出问题，即瞬态冲击下的炮管-摇架间隙动态效应，展开间隙动力学分析、间隙非线性系统辨识以及冲击载荷识别的深入研究，取得的主要成果包括：①分析了火炮间隙的接触碰撞特点，建立了含间隙炮管-摇架结构动力学模型，综合分析了间隙有无、间隙非线性参数以及冲击载荷对炮管-摇架结构动力学响应的影响规律，揭示了间隙参数与炮管振动特性之间的关联关系。②分析了间隙非线性的三线性特性以及统计特性，提出了结合非线性检测和概率密度导谱的识别方法，实现了间隙值的快速、准确识别；构建了频域间隙非线性力识别方程和基于最小二乘误差的优化目标函数，提出了间隙非线性参数同时识别方法，解决了传统多参数分步识别方法中传递误差导致识别误差增加的问题，实现了间隙值和间隙刚度的高精度同时识别。③ 建立了基于结构状态空间模型的冲击载荷识别方程，改进了用于确定最优正则化参数的L曲线准则，提出了结合改进L曲线准则的正则化三次B样条函数配置法，实现了冲击载荷的识别；分析了间隙非线性力和冲击力的特点，构建了结合稀疏表征的稀疏正则化模型，推导了非线性响应分离方程，提出了混合-分离识别策略，实现了含间隙非线性结构冲击载荷和间隙非线性力的准确识别。研究成果最终突破了目前间隙作用机理不明确以及间隙非线性参数和冲击载荷获取难的技术瓶颈，为评估火炮射击密集度状态，指导火炮装调维护，进而提高火炮远程精确打击能力提供了理论基础和技术支撑。