Previous researches for the geochemical processes of sulfur in oil and gas reservoirs were mostly focused on the primary sulfides generated through geological timescale.It is scarcely involved until now for the secondly sulfides formed vigorously by human intervention i.e.,thermal recovery of heavy oil.Besides the traditional TSR and BSR mechanisms for the hydrogen sulfides, new mechanisms responsible for the orgination of second sulfides are proposed for the bloom of hydrogen sulfide, thiol,thioether, etc.. Based on our previously massive researches taken China's largest heavy oil base, Liaohe oilfield as an example, we have found that there are no gypsum genesis, very low sulfur content in crude oil (and with the trendency of yearly decrease even), and low sulfate in water at this production region by systematically in-situ samples and analysis of rock core, crude oil, formation water, and produced gas. On the other hand, it is blooming of microorganism. It is proposed then the rapid increase of sulfides especially hydrogen sulfide in short term is due to a new mechanism, the geochemical result of microbial activities.This research will comprehensive investigation the growth and metabolism of in- and ex-situ microbes, the geochemical transformation of sulfur and their mutual actions in reservoirs under exgenous power intervention-thermal recovery of heavy oil. Fist from the new point view of human-induced biological bloom, focus will put on the new mechanism of sulfides explosion from biomass thermal decomposition, and how much amount and ratio of BTDS contribution to the total sulfides.
油气田硫的地球化学过程研究,目前仅限于原生硫化物(地质历史中不受人类活动影响),而次生硫化物-即人类强烈干预下(如稠油热采),短期内硫化氢、硫醇、硫醚等硫化物突发的地球化学过程尚无研究,表明除了传统的TSR、BSR产硫机理外,存在新的硫转化机理。本研究通过大量前期摸索和积累,以我国最大的重稠油热采基地辽河油田为例,系统的对原位岩芯、原油、地层水、采出气等取样及生化理分析,发现无石膏发育、原油低含硫且逐年降低、水质低含硫酸盐,而微生物呈勃发态势,初步确定微生物在产硫化氢等硫化物过程中存在贡献,并由此提出硫化氢等硫化物短期内剧增可能来自于微生物地球化学活动新机制。本研究将综合研究在稠油热采这种人类强烈干预方式下,油藏微生物生长代谢活动机制、硫的地球化学转变过程及两者耦合机理,首次从人类活动致生物诱因的全新角度,研究生物量热解(BTDS)等新途径致硫化物剧增的机理,并计算新途径对硫化物产生的贡献
辽河油田硫化氢勃发,热化学硫酸盐还原一度成为解释其成因的主要机理。然而,这是一个低硫的稠油藏,地层水极低的硫酸盐,岩石矿物没有含硫成分,历史上从未有产硫化氢报道,为此,几年前我们提出了人工干预热力影响下低硫稠油藏中大量微生物和生物量的硫化氢成因新机理,即生物量热解/热还原产硫化氢(BTDS/BBR)。前后四次采样,97个采样点,计429份样品(154份产出液、230份气体、23份水样、16份土样),通过对这些样品分析和总结,发现1)不同的开发方式导致显著的油藏差异,2)由于辽河常年的高温热力驱替,在油藏蒸汽腔周围形成了比较稳定的温度场,3)这种高温温度场和丰富的碳源、水源和营养源,导致不同油藏异常的微生物发育。辽河油田发现细菌和古菌29门,以及5%左右未分类难鉴定微生物。蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD)区同一井内稠油(L2YSD42)微生物丰度和多样性高于地层水(L2SSD42)。含油区蕴含高达7万多吨的生物量,可采区也高达1万多吨生物量。根据热重模拟实验,如按250°C时62%的生物硫一次转化率,不同的生物量导致不同的硫化氢产生贡献率,研究区域约在4%~80%之间,表明这种贡献是不可忽视的。另外,辽河油田地下赋含的硫酸盐还原菌远远高于硫氧化菌和歧化菌,对于产生硫化氢也有贡献。本研究首次揭示了油藏开发过程中堪比与地表的微生物多样性和生物量,初步从生物学角度揭示了硫化氢成因及其机理。微生物地球化学活动导致油藏碳硫循环异常对于研究地球深部生物圈也具有潜在的科学意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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