瞬态强冲击载荷下身管武器稀疏波减后坐机理与控制方法研究

Aiming at the common problem that the recoil force is too large,the fundamental research on the recoil reduction mechanism and the control method of rarefaction wave for barrel weapons are developed. The gas-solid two-phase transient flow characteristics of the propellant gas in the multi-forked and curved tubes which is formed by the barrel and the rarefaction wave device will be studied, and the three-dimensional two-phase viscous transient flow model of the propellant gas in the multi-forked tubes and the various tubes such as right angle,bevel,and fillet etc will be established considering the gas viscosity and barrel heat loss.Combining experiments,the setting method of the moving boundary conditions of projectile,barrel and movable tube will be explored, and the trajectory mode of rarefaction wave barrel weapons will be built. Combining experiments and CFD methods,the recoil reduction mechanism of rarefaction wave for barrel weapons will be explored,and the law of influence of the rarefaction wave device,including the position of the holes on barrle,the size and number of the holes and the flow form of the channel on the recoil and the muzzle velocity will be studied.After the mechanical mechanism of the propellant gas to the multi-forked and curved tubes will be analyzed,and the law of influence of the rarefaction wave device on the initial disturbance of projectile will be investigated, the control method that is of precise, reliable and easy to adjust for the rarefaction wave device will be proposed.The project results can provide a theoretical support to significant reduction in recoil force in barrel weapons,and have an important value to comprehensive improve the power of our barrel weapons.

针对常规枪炮身管武器急需解决的后坐力过大这一共性技术问题，开展稀疏波减后坐机理与控制方法的基础研究。研究身管武器射击过程中高温高压火药燃气在身管和稀疏波减后坐装置内形成的多分叉和弯曲管道中的气固两相瞬态流动特性，考虑气体粘性和身管热损失，建立分叉管道和各种形式弯管（直角、斜角、圆角等）中火药燃气三维两相粘性瞬态流动模型；结合实验研究弹丸、身管和活动导气管移动边界条件设置方法，建立稀疏波减后坐身管武器内弹道模型；结合实验和CFD方法探索身管武器稀疏波减后坐机理，研究稀疏波减后坐装置（包括导气孔位置、导气孔大小和数目、流道形式）对后坐力和弹丸初速的影响规律，分析火药燃气对分叉和弯曲管道的力学作用机制，找出稀疏波减后坐装置对弹丸初始扰动的影响规律，提出稀疏波减后坐装置精确、可靠和易于调节的控制方法。项目成果能为身管武器大幅度降低后坐力提供理论支撑，对全面提升我国枪炮身管武器威力具有重要价值。

针对常规枪炮身管武器急需解决的后坐力过大这一共性技术问题，开展稀疏波减后坐机理与控制方法的基础研究。.建立了考虑火药气体和正在燃烧的火药颗粒的两相混合流动的新型稀疏波减后坐身管武器两相流模型。将整个射击过程分为六个阶段，给出了膛内和稀疏波后喷装置内双流场耦合计算的处理方法及定解条件。摸清了稀疏波在膛内的传播规律，揭示了身管武器稀疏波减后坐机理，为稀疏波减后坐控制方法研究奠定了基础。.建立了一套准确、可靠和可重复使用的身管武器稀疏波减后坐控制方法。探索出了弹丸初速不降低、减后坐效率高和可连续射击的稀疏波减后坐控制方法的四个基本特性，提出了定点式和定时式两类稀疏波减后坐控制方法，用实验验证了稀疏波减后坐控制方法的实际效果。稀疏波减后坐方法不但能简洁、实用和低成本提高我国常规枪炮武器的威力，而且能为大威力身管武器在车辆、飞机等其它运载平台上的可靠搭载提供技术保障，具有实际的应有前景。.提出了一种身管武器新型双药室微后坐技术。建立了双药室身管武器的发射过程数学模型，揭示了双药室间的传火特性，并进行了实验研究。双药室微后坐技术在保证弹丸初速不变的前提下能将后坐冲量降低80%以上，真正实现大威力枪炮武器的微后坐发射。该技术极大提高我国常规枪炮武器的机动性和战场适应性，具有广阔的应有价值。.建立了考虑高压火药气体压力和身管运动的内压力轴向移动空心梁模型。在分析梁内压力与梁变形耦合的基础上利用虚功原理推导了内压力势能函数，采用有限元法与拉格朗日方程导出了梁的运动方程，分析了梁的动态响应，探讨了内压力对梁振动的影响。填补了国内外在轴向移动与内部压缩气体耦合作用下空心梁模型研究方面的空白，为稀疏波减后坐装置对弹丸初始扰动的影响研究奠定了理论基础。