不动产统一登记驱动下的地籍混合维度空间数据表达模型研究

With the increasing trend of utilization of urban land in multiple spatial dimensions (like underground civil defense, tunnels, flyovers, and etc. ), the traditional two-dimensional cadastral boundaries only can clarify the ownership of land in the transverse direction, but hardly the right on vertical range. It would be of great significance to implement Chinese immovable property unified registration that the current 2D cadastral data and new 3D data are integrated, and associated with house and other related information on both above-ground and underground. Our project team has got an experience of more than ten years on the research of the cadastral information system. According to the our national trend to register house and land property in a unified pattern, we aims to design a multi-demensional cadastral data model based on the LADM model, and to specify the relevant types of rights in land registration suitable for Chinese property law. We bring forward a basic semantic framework to represent spatial relationship of multi-dimensional objects, and figure out a kind of storage structure in multi-demensional cadastre database based on the boundary surface topology. Furthermore, we propose some rules to express optimal perspectives of 2D and 3D parcel in a map and its annotation configuration based on the observation interval and the rotation interval. Selecting Changzhou as the typical city, by data survey and processing, to establish its local multi-demensional cadastral data model, and to validate the feasibility and practicability of the model and methods. It's expected that our research provide a scientific basis for multi-dimensional land use and management and provide technical support to the establishment and improvement of real property registration regulations unified system.

随着我国城市土地立体利用程度日益加大，如地下人防工程、隧道、高架天桥等，传统的二维地籍仅明晰了土地横向上的权属界线，无法表示纵向的权利范围。即将实施的不动产统一登记也要求除兼容已有大量的二维以下空间数据外，还应能够集成和管理地上、地下立体的三维地籍数据。本项目提出并探讨地籍混合维度空间要素的特征、内容和关系，结合 "房地一体"的国情，基于LADM模型扩展建立适合我国的地籍数据模型和拓扑存储结构；分析设计地籍及房产关联的混合维度要素空间关系语义表达框架；研究地籍混合维度要素的可视化表达方式，提出消除歧义性的基于观察间隔和旋转间隔的最优表达视角选择、多维度注记配置的规则和方法。以常州等为典型城市，进行数据收集处理、补充测量，建立多维度混合的地籍数据表达模型，通过实验案例验证模型的可行性和实用性。研究成果为我国土地立体化利用和管理提供科学依据，为不动产统一登记法规体系的建立和完善提供技术支撑。

随着我国经济的发展和不动产统一登记的快速推进，土地利用的立体化发展使得不动产（地籍）中管理模式以及空间对象表达、可视化问题成为我国现行不动产（地籍）管理中亟待解决的关键问题。本项目从我国地籍管理的现状出发，充分利用现有的二维数据，提出一种适合我国现状的三维地籍管理模型，并设计了支持面元和体元表达的三维地籍空间数据模型。该空间数据模型是采用边界表达模型来表达三维地籍对象的形态，用单纯复形模型来实现三维地籍对象之间的空间分析。本项目提出了三维地籍表达模型和分析计算模型的构建方法与算法，并实现两个模型之间的相互转换。针对地籍对象之间存在的多维度复杂空间关系，本项目研究了三维地籍对象空间关系，基于维度模型提出一种适合多维度地籍对象的空间拓扑关系模型，用来描述混合维度地籍对象之间的拓扑关系。通过研究三维宗地图表达视角以及注记配置方法等问题，建立一套具有实用性的三维宗地图输出方案。本项目为我国土地立体利用和三维地籍管理提供理科学论依据，为今后的三维不动产统一登记提供技术可行性支撑。