基于纳米微粒复合电沉积的大面积钢基超疏水表面制备工艺基础研究

As super-hydrophobic surface has a series of excellent characteristics such as low water friction resistance, high bearing capacity and brilliant corrosion resistance, this technique has a very good application prospect. According to the actual need of naval architecture and ocean engineering, however, the current preparation process of super-hydrophobic surface cannot meet the need of production. This project proposes a new type of preparation process of super-hydrophobic surface which is based on nanoparticles composite electrodeposition. Through analyzing the c particle transport and co deposition of coupling, improving the theory of nanoparticles composite electrodeposition and its mathematical model and analyzing the performance enhancement mechanism such as super-hydrophobic, wear resistance, hardness and corrosion resistance, the best control object of comprehensive performance can be confirmed. On the basis of that, the research of plating composition, the process factors and the influence law and optimizing the process parameters can be done. Meanwhile plating quality dynamic equilibrium and the uniform distribution, control strategy of stable suspension of nanoparticles can be researched. In addition, the experiments of preparation process of super-hydrophobic surface is researched. And with building the experiment platform, the results of theoretical studies and by experiment verified and improved by experiments. Through the research of this project, a new technique of preparation process of super-hydrophobic surface which ultimately can be applied to large area steel matrix surface, low preparation cost, high preparation efficiency, good wear resistance and easy to local repair at the scene.

超疏水表面具有水摩擦阻力小、高承载力、耐腐蚀等优异特性，在船舶与海洋工程中具有非常好的应用前景。由于船舶与海洋工程建造的实际要求，目前的超疏水表面制备工艺无法满足生产要求。本项目提出了基于纳米微粒复合电沉积的超疏水表面制备新工艺，从研究工艺机理入手，通过分析微粒传送和共沉积耦合作用，改进纳米微粒复合电沉积机理理论和数学模型，结合对超疏水性、耐磨性、硬度、耐腐蚀性等表面性能强化机制的综合分析，确定综合性能最优的控制目标，在此基础上，研究镀液组分、工艺因素和影响规律，进行工艺参数优化设计，同时，研究镀液质量动态平衡和纳米微粒在镀液中均匀分布及稳定悬浮的控制策略。此外，本项目中还开展超疏水表面制备工艺的实验研究，搭建实验平台，利用实验对理论研究成果进行验证和改进。通过本项目的研究，最终实现能够适用于大面积钢基表面、制备成本低、制备效率高、耐磨性好、易于现场局部修复的超疏水表面制备工艺。

摘要： 超疏水表面具有水摩擦阻力小、高承载力、耐腐蚀等优异特性，在船舶与海洋工程中具有非常好的应用前景。由于船舶与海洋工程建造的实际要求，目前的超疏水表面制备工艺无法满足生产要求。本项目提出了基于纳米微粒复合电沉积的超疏水表面制备新工艺，.从研究工艺机理入手，考虑微粒传送和共沉积耦合作用，改进纳米微粒复合电沉积制备方法，结合对超疏水性、耐磨性、硬度、耐腐蚀性等表面性能强化机制的综合分析，确定综合性能最优的控制目标，在此基础上，研究镀液组分、工艺因素和影响规律，进行工艺参数优化研究，同时，研究纳米微粒在镀液中均匀分布及稳定悬浮的控制策略。此外，本项目中还开展超疏水表面制备工艺的实验研究，搭建实验平台，利用实验对理论研究成果进行验证和改进。通过本项目的研究，最终提出适合于船舶与海洋工程的超疏水表面制备工艺，相对于目前常见的超疏水表面制备工艺具有以下优点：.（1）能够适用于钢基表面，且加工表面尺度大；.（2）制备成本低，制备效率高；.（3）超疏水表面具有较强的机械强度，耐磨性好；.（4）具备可修复性，能适用于现场局部表面修复；.此外本研究基于复合电沉积技术对考虑到疏油特性的超疏油、超双疏表面的制备工艺，以及考虑环境友好的无氟修饰超疏水表面制备工艺进行探究。不仅实现了制备工艺，并通过对参数影响规律的探究优化制备工艺。.本项目研究的新型超疏水表面制备工艺应用于船舶与海洋工程，能够提高船舶性能，增进船舶航行速度、节约航运成本、减少排放，延长船舶营运寿命。该工艺技术不仅应用于日常民船，而且具有极强的军事潜力。