电导-催化发光双通道气体传感器及易制毒化学品检测研究

As the essential materials for drug production, precursor chemicals were often smuggled abroad. Actually, the precursor chemicals need to be detected are of low concentration and wide variety, furthermore, there are many compounds with similar structure and characters which can lead to misstatement in field test. Although traditional semiconductor sensors can be used in precursor chemicals detection, however, the low sensitivity and bad selectivity largely limited it application. Thus it is very important to achieve high sensitive and selective detection. Here, we propose using the metal oxide semiconductor heterogeneous nanomaterials as the sensitive material, by regulate the structure, morphology and the barrier potential to adjust the surface activation energy, and finally enhance the sensitivity to the precursor chemicals. Based on the heterogeneous nanomaterials, conductance and cataluminescence dual-channel sensor which can obtain conductance and cataluminescence response to precursor chemicals were constructed. Ultalizing the difference in chemical activity and photon excited efficiency of the analytes and the reaction production, extract and analysis the characters of those two reponse signals, and finally realize the selective detection to the precursor chemicals. The expected results will be important to promote the development of precursor chemicals detection technology.

易制毒化学品是制作毒品的主要原料，实现易制毒化学品的有效监管对打击毒品生产源头、保障社会安全具有重要意义。传统半导体传感器虽能实现对易制毒化学品的检测，但灵敏度较低，并且由于检测信号单一，往往很难实现对物性相似物质的区分。然而，通常易制毒化学品的浓度低且种类较多，对它的高灵敏、选择性检测是目前急需解决的难题。因此，本项目提出采用金属氧化物半导体异质纳米结构为敏感材料，通过调节纳米材料的结构、形貌和异质结势垒调控其表面活化能，以提高灵敏度。在此基础上，构筑电导-催化发光双通道传感器，同时获取电导与催化发光两种基于不同原理的检测信号，利用易制毒化学品自身化学活性及其催化产物光量子发射效率的差别，提取两种检测信号特征进行综合分析，实现对易制毒化学品的选择性检测，为现场检测易制毒化学品提供一种新的技术手段。

易制毒化学品是制作毒品的主要原料，实现易制毒化学品的有效监管对打击毒品生产源头、保障社会安全具有重要意义。传统半导体传感器虽能实现对易制毒化学品的检测，但灵敏度较低，并且由于检测信号单一，往往很难实现对物性相似物质的区分。然而，通常易制毒化学品的浓度低且种类较多，对它的高灵敏、选择性检测是目前急需解决的难题。本项目以金属氧化物半导体纳米结构为敏感材料，通过对半导体传感器敏感材料的结构形貌与组分调控，研究了提高半导体传感器灵敏度的方法，重点研究了层状纳米片、与石墨烯复合、贵金属修饰等因素对提高传感器灵敏度的作用和增敏机理，筛选出层状In2O3纳米片、双层Co3O4/石墨烯复合物、ZnO/rGO/g-C3N4复合物和Au纳米颗粒修饰α-Fe2O3纳米棒等对易制毒化学品气体分子具有较高灵敏度的纳米结构敏感材料，检测限可以达到ppb量级，发展了温度调制的半导体传感器增敏方法。在此基础上，构建出Mg/SnO2异质纳米材料为敏感层的电导-催化发光双通道传感器，同时获取电导与催化发光两种基于不同原理的检测信号，利用易制毒化学品自身化学活性及其催化产物光量子发射效率的差别，提取两种检测信号特征进行综合分析，采用线性最小二乘图像分类算法和PCA方法等对不同浓度的气体进行分类，实现了对2-丁酮、丙酮、乙醇、异丙醇四种易制毒化学品的选择性检测，为现场检测易制毒化学品提供一种新的技术手段。通过本项目的研究，相关成果在SCI检索期刊上发表学术论文29篇，发表中文期刊论文2篇，申请和授权国家发明专利4项，获得中国分析测试协会科学技术二等奖1项，培养硕士研究生毕业3人。