失败学习形成机制及其对后续创新绩效的影响研究：基于复杂产品创新失败

Complex product Innovation has become important impetus of modern economic development, while such innovation always fail resulted from uncertainty and risk. Although scholars have widely discussed the value of failure and reached a consensus, researches on complex product innovation failure context as well as causes and effects of learning from failure under it are scarce , This study will explore the formation mechanism and the evolution mechanism of learning from failure and its effect on the subsequent innovation performance in the context of complex product innovation failure by means of qualitative study together with quantitative study, through the integration of social cognitive theory, leadership theory, organizational learning theory and enterprises innovation theory. The theory model containing “style of leadership (dual-level transformational leadership) ——conduction mechanism (team psychological safety and perceived organizational support) ——learning from failure(employee、team and organization) ——innovation strategy( breakthrough model and incremental model) ——innovation performance" will be built to test the effect of team scale、clarity of the project target and the pattern of learning from failure in the framework of model. Research results of this study could reveal the formation mechanism、evolution mechanism as well as action mechanism of learning from failure in the context of complex product innovation failure, thus to enrich the theory of organization learning from failure and that of the enterprise innovation. In the meanwhile, it makes real sense not only to inspire the manager to form ideas of All-Involved learning from failure after innovation failure, but also to provide guidance for enhancing the subsequent innovation performance of enterprises.

复杂产品创新已成为现代经济的重要推力，不确定和风险性常使得此类创新以失败告终。虽然学者认可失败的价值，但对企业复杂产品创新失败的情境及该情境下失败学习的前因后果却鲜有研究。本项目立足于企业复杂产品创新失败情境，运用定性与定量相结合的研究方法，通过整合社会认知理论、领导力理论、组织学习理论及企业创新理论，探索失败学习的形成机制、演变机制以及对后续创新绩效的作用机制。构建“领导方式（双层次变革型领导）——传导机制（团队心理安全感与组织支持感）——失败学习（员工、团队和企业）——创新战略（突破式与渐进式）——创新绩效”理论模型，检验团队规模、项目目标清晰度与学习模式在模型中的影响作用。本项目旨在揭示复杂产品创新失败情境下的失败学习形成机制、演变机制及作用机制，以期丰富组织学习理论和企业创新理论。研究成果能够启发管理者在失败中形成全员失败学习思路，为企业后续创新绩效的提升提供指导。

创新失败中蕴藏着大量有价值的知识会给企业未来创新成功带来指引，从“失败到成功”已成为多数企业创新的正常顺序。但是，成功并非失败的必然产物，而是更多地取决于员工、团队和企业能否从失败中有效学习。由于“反失败偏见”，理论界对失败研究的关注度不足，有关创新失败情境下领导变革行为对失败学习影响机制以及失败学习对后续创新绩效影响机制的研究仍处于混沌状态。 基于此本研究主要内容包括：第一，探寻失败学习形成机制，构建了多层次变革型领导——（团队创新氛围、内在动机）——员工失败学习模型、情绪评价——情绪控制——员工失败学习模型、组织支持感——（责任感、自我效能感及情感承诺）——失败学习（单环失败学习、双环失败学习）模型、挑战性压力源——二元工作激情（和谐型激情、强迫型激情）——失败学习（单环失败学习、双环失败学习）模型。第二，探寻失败学习作用机制，构建了失败学习（单环失败学习、双环失败学习）×企业战略（探索型战略、防御型战略）——企业绩效（短期绩效、长期绩效）模型、变革型领导——团队失败共享信念×归属感——员工失败学习模型、技术集成能力——创新绩效模型。 研究发现失败学习的形成机制是一个由外部刺激转为内在心理活动继而产生行为的过程，在这一过程中变革型领导、情绪智力及挑战性压力源均是失败学习的重要前因，这些前因通过相应的心理机制促进失败学习。失败学习的作用机制研究表明失败学习能力促进企业绩效及个体创造力，且影响作用受到企业与个体因素的调节，如企业战略与员工归属感等。研究结论探索了创新失败情境下失败学习的前因后果，深化理解企业创新失败和后续创新成功之间的内在关联。此外，研究探寻了员工失败学习形成机制，丰富了组织学习理论研究。最后，揭示了创新失败情境下失败学习对后续创新绩效的影响，对创新理论做出了贡献。