多组分气溶胶输运及大气污染预测问题的高精度算法研究

As a major threat to human health, atmospheric pollution is one of the most important social issues around the world. The key basis to effective implementation of air pollution prevention and control work is accurate, precise and timely air quality prediction, which is obtained by numerical simulation of aerosol transport. Due to the need of meticulous research, the computational scale increases greatly, such that there is an urgent need to establish efficient numerical algorithm for multi-component aerosol transport problems. By combining characteristic method, high order conservative interpolation, compact difference and operator splitting technique, we will develop high order conservative characteristic methods for the three-dimensional multi-component aerosol transport system that includes horizontal and vertical advection and diffusion, as well as nonlinear reaction terms. The new methods can greatly increase the computational efficiency of large scale aerosol simulation. We will also develop a software for the meticulous simulation of real ambient air pollution problems, study the impact mechanism of meteorological factors and weather processes to the heavy air pollution and provide scientific reference for air pollution prevention and control work.

大气环境污染对人类的健康和生存构成重大威胁，是世界各国面临的最重要的社会问题之一。气溶胶数值模拟作为大气污染预测的最主要手段，其准确、精细、及时的计算结果是科学有效开展大气污染防治工作的关键基础。由于精细化研究的需要，计算规模大幅提高，亟需建立和发展多组分气溶胶空间输运问题的高效数值算法。本课题将采用特征线方法、高阶精度守恒插值、紧致差分、算子分裂等技术相结合的办法，对包含水平和垂直方向对流扩散以及非线性反应项的多组分气溶胶三维空间输运系统，开发其高精度特征守恒数值解法，以实现气溶胶大规模预测的高效计算；并将研制相应的计算软件，对实际的环境空气污染问题进行精细化模拟，研究气象因素和天气过程对空气重污染问题的影响机制，为大气污染防控工作提供科学的参考。

大气环境污染数值模拟是科学有效开展大气污染防治工作的关键基础。本课题重点研究大气环境多组分气溶胶输运及大气污染预测问题的高精度算法、理论及应用，具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。一、我们在输运问题对流占优扩散方程的计算方法上取得重要进展，提出了求解二维对流扩散方程的时间二阶空间二阶质量守恒特征有限差分方法；二、我们在大气环境污染气溶胶输运问题数值预测研究中取得创造性成果，首次提出了用于大气环境污染输运计算的质量守恒时间二阶空间四阶特征有限体积方法 (MC-T2S4-CFVM)，是在对流占优问题计算领域的重要新贡献；三、探究了污染物排放源和风力风向对大气污染分布的贡献以及气象因素对PM2.5和PM10浓度的影响。课题研究成果可应用于目前社会所需的大气环境大规模和精细化模拟预测研究，为大气污染防控工作提供有力的科技支撑。