基于状态估计的测力轮对轮轨力检测理论与方法研究

Wheel/rail interaction is a basic and complicated issue in the vehicle-track system. The accurate measurement of wheel/rail contact state is the foundation of further wheel/rail interaction research. The measurement by instrumented wheelset is of the highest detection accuracy so far. The project is based on the wheel/rail contact force measurement method by instrumented wheelset. It mainly depends on optimization of wheel/rail force measurement method and improvement of high frequency wheel/rail force accuracy at high speed . The concrete content includes: theoretical analysis and simulating calculation of strain characteristics of wheelset under static and dynamic loading, presentation of measurement optimization criteria, statistics of strain bridge output affection on the plate, establishment of high-frequency vibration error model so as to expand the measurement frequency range, a study on random statistical properties of wheel/rail contact force in wheel/rail coupling model by analyzing track spectrum of high-speed truck railway and utilizing simulation technique of vehicle dynamics, digital compensation filter arithmetic by instrumented wheelset through the model of linear dynamic system state and establishment the calculation model based on state estimation algorithm of wheelset. The project aims at providing basic theory basis for key issues such as simple and high-precision instrumented wheelset calculation theory and method, running performance of wheelset and the reasons of wheel/rail surface damage.

轮轨关系是车辆、轨道系统中最基本也是最复杂的问题之一，对轮轨间接触状态的准确测量是深入研究轮轨关系的基础，而测力轮对检测方法是目前检测精度最高的测试方法。本项目研究基于状态估计的测力轮对轮轨力检测理论与方法，特别是轮轨力测试方法的优化和高速状态下高频轮轨力的精确测量，具体内容包括：理论分析与仿真计算轮对静态、动态载荷作用下辐板应变特性，提出测试方案优化准则，统计其对辐板应变桥桥输出的影响，建立高频冲击振动误差模型，设计数字补偿滤波器，扩展测量频率范围；通过对高速铁路干线轨道谱分析，结合车辆动力学仿真技术，研究轮轨耦合模型中轮轨力随机统计特性；通过对轮对线性动态系统进行状态建模，提出适用于测力轮对的多模型自适应滤波算法；建立基于状态估计算法的测力轮对计算模型。本项目旨在研究基于状态估计的连续测力轮对计算理论与方法，为研究车轮在轨道上的运行性能及分析轮轨表面损伤原因等关键问题提供基础理论依据。

本课题以高速列车轮轨力测试理论与方法为研究目标，采用理论分析和数值计算的方法，分析了辐板模态振动特征及高频动态冲击下轮对应变信号输出特征，提出了辐板高频振动引起的应变失真的一般分析方法，有效提高应变信号预处理精度；通过仿真计算与线路试验相结合的方法，研究了车辆-轨道的动态相互作用特征及测力轮对信号输出模型与轮轨力解耦计算求解方法，为车辆运行监测和车辆动力学理论深入研究提供了数据基础；通过车辆轨道系统动力学仿真，分析了轨道波磨对轮轨力和车辆动力学输出参数的影响。本课题的研究了高速列车运行条件下轮对的辐板应变信号特征及轮轨力计算方法，具有较好的实际意义和应用前景。