利用脉冲磁窗缓解强耗散等离子体中电磁波传播障碍的理论与实验研究

Strong dissipative plasma with intensive electron-neutral collisions and breakdown of local thermodynamic equilibrium has been observed in the boundary layer of the high-speed flight. The communication barrier in the strong dissipative plasmas has become one of the most important problems restricting the development of the space technology.. In this project, the pulse magnetic window, a new technology, is proposed to mitigate the effect of the plasma on the propagation of the electromagnetic wave, which is through the achievement of the frozen-in magnetic field of the plasma using external magnetic field with adjustable pulse shape. Moreover, the transport mechanism of electrons and the spread characteristics of electromagnetic waves in the magnetized plasma with strong collision and inhomogeneity is systematically researched based on the analysis of the dynamic process of electrons combined experimental and theoretical studies, which may provide the essential theory basis for the optimization and application of the pulse magnetic window.. The impacts of the collisions between electrons and neutrals on the transport of electrons and the propagation of electromagnetic waves in plasma with strong dissipative are demonstrated in this researches, which are meaningful in the relief of the black barrier and the development of the theory and practice research of the space technology. Furthermore, results and ideas of this project are also of valuable reference on the plasma heating by electromagnetic waves, Plasma stealth, plasma antenna and other related fields.

强耗散性等离子体是电子—中性粒子碰撞剧烈、不满足局域热平衡的一种特殊等离子体，一般存在于高速飞行器附面层，电磁波在其中的传播障碍是制约许多航天技术发展的根本性物理问题。. 本项目提出一种脉冲磁窗新技术，通过脉冲形态可调的外加强磁场来实现等离子体的“磁冻结”，从而缓解其对电磁波传播的影响。项目针对该技术瞬态特性所引出的科学问题，通过理论与实验研究相结合，基于电子动力学过程分析，深入研究强碰撞、强非均匀磁化等离子体中电子的输运机制和电磁波传播特性，从而为脉冲磁窗的优化及应用提供必要的理论依据。. 通过本项目研究，有望揭示强耗散等离子体中电子—中性粒子碰撞这一重要过程影响电子输运及电磁波传播的物理机制，有助于我国通信“黑障”缓解及相关航天理论与技术的发展。同时，其研究思路和结果对电磁波加热等离子体、等离子体隐身和等离子体天线等相关研究亦具有参考价值。

强耗散性等离子体是电子—中性粒子碰撞剧烈、不满足局域热平衡的一种特殊等离子体，一般存在于高速飞行器的附面层。强耗散等离子体将使电磁波发生严重衰减，导致在临近空间飞行的航天器遇到通信“黑障”，电磁波在强耗散等离子体中的传播障碍是制约许多航天技术发展的根本性物理问题。. 本项目提出了一种脉冲磁窗新技术，通过脉冲形态可调的外加强磁场来实现等离子体的“磁冻结”，从而缓解其对电磁波传播的影响。本项目针对该技术瞬态特性所引出 的科学问题，通过理论与实验研究相结合，基于脉冲强磁场中电子动力学过程的模拟分析，深入研究了强碰撞、强非均匀磁化等离子体中电子的输运机制和电磁波传播特性，设计优化了脉冲磁窗系统，构建了脉冲磁窗对等离子体鞘套参数分布调控的实验平台，开展了脉冲磁窗对等离子体鞘套参数的调控实验，得到了脉冲磁窗调控等离子体鞘套参数分布的规律，揭示了电子在脉冲强磁场中的运动机制，为脉冲磁窗的优化及应用提供了必要的理论依据。. 通过本项目的研究，揭示了强耗散等离子体中电子—中性粒子碰撞这一重要过程影响电子输运及电磁波传播的物理机制，得到了强脉冲磁场对等离子体鞘套参数分布的调控数据，为进一步的研究了奠定了基础，有助于我国通信“黑障”缓解及相关航天理论与技术的发展。同时，本项目的研究思路和结果对电磁波加热等离子体、等离子体隐身和等离子体天线等相关研究亦具有参考价值。