羟基取向的POSS基防冰表面的制备与性能研究

To overcome the difficulty in construction of high performance anti-icing surface which requires the properties of “anti-freezing”, “icephobic”, as well as stability, our project firstly propose to construct anti-icing surfaces based on functionalized POSS with oriented hydroxyls by radiation grafting and sol-gel reaction. The effect of the kinetic parameters of radiation and sol-gel reaction to mutiple-structures of surface including chemical and aggregation structures will be investigated, as well as the effect of surface structure to anti-icing property and the unique anti-icing mechanism. Based on which, the relationship of “technology-structure-property” on POSS based anti-icing surface will be clarified, and high performance anti-icing surface based on POSS with oriented hydroxyls will be constructed by tuning surface structures. The implementation of our project will lay foundation for the development of new high performance, long-life anti-icing surfaces.

针对当前高性能防冰表面需同时满足“防结冰”、“易除冰”以及结构性能稳定的要求，本项目拟采用高能射线辐射和溶胶-凝胶两步法原位制备接枝羟基取向的官能化多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷（POSS）的防冰表面。在研究辐射动力学参数及溶胶-凝胶反应条件对表面包括化学结构和聚集态结构在内的多重结构的影响，表面结构对于防冰性能的影响和该表面独特的防冰机制的基础上：一方面，厘清POSS基防冰表面的“工艺-结构-性能”三者之间的相互关系；另一方面，通过结构调控构筑羟基取向的POSS基高性能防冰表面，为未来新型、高效、长寿命防冰表面的开发奠定理论和应用基础。

针对当前高性能防冰表面需同时满足“防结冰”、“易除冰”以及结构性能稳定的要求，本项目采用“辐射接枝-原位生长-表面改性”的方法和喷涂法制备了一系列含羟基的多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷表面，通过辐射接枝参数、原位生长-改性条件、喷涂参数等调控了对表面羟基取向、密度和分布，得出了表面羟基的取向、密度、分布、官能团协同对于表面防冰性能的影响规律，提出了多重协同防冰机理。并以此为基础，设计制备出自润滑防冰表面，实现了在敞开环境下，将表面结冰温度降至-26.9℃的同时将冰粘附力降至9.4kPa，且在20次循环结冰-除冰过程中，表面冰粘附依然保持在20kPa以下。此外，自润滑防冰表面还具有良好的透光性和柔韧性，使其可用于换热器表面防冰、玻璃表面防冰、飞行器表面防冰等。本项目所提出的“多重协同防冰机理”为高效长寿命防冰表面的开发提供了理论依据，在此基础上开发的新型防冰表面也将推动防冰表面的应用和发展。