3D打印栅格状胎体刀刃化唇面对金刚石钻头破碎坚硬岩层的影响机制研究

When drilling hard rock formations, the drill speed of bit is slow. This project proposes to design an impregnated diamond bit as a grid-shape matrix with a cutting-edge lip surface, and using 3D printing technology to achieve this new idea to study the influence mechanism of 3D printing grid matrix cutting edge on diamond bit breaking hard rock. In the working process of conventional bit, the contact condition of matrix and rock is surface contact..However, the grid-shape bit makes matrix knife blade, and the blade thickness is 0.1 to 2.0mm, the size between grids is 0.05 to 0.30mm. When working, it contacts with the rock as a line, which changes the mechanism of breaking rock and improves drilling efficiency. The project intends to manufacture the impregnated diamond blade whose thickness is 0.1 to 2.0mm to study the effect on the friction and wear properties of rock by means of simulation tests, data processing and theoretical analysis. Combining the 3D printing technology, and the formulation system was optimized based on the physical and mechanical properties of the matrix and the supporting strength of the diamond. The influence mechanism of 3D printing laser sintering parameters on the thermal damage effect of diamond in the lattice matrix carcass was studied to improve the interfacial bonding properties between the matrix alloy and the diamond. The indoor drilling test under different procedures was carried out by using the developed micro drill with different performance and parameters, and establish the parameterized evaluation system of the drilling performance of the grid-shape matrix cutting lip bit to clarify the rock breaking mechanism.

钻头钻遇坚硬岩层时钻速缓慢。本项目提出将孕镶金刚石钻头设计为栅格状胎体刀刃化唇面，并利用3D打印技术来实现，探究栅格状胎体刀刃化唇面对钻头破碎坚硬岩石的影响机制。常规钻头工作唇面与岩石呈面接触，栅格状钻头将胎体唇面刀刃化，刀刃厚度0.1～2.0mm，栅格间隙0.05～0.30mm，工作时与岩石为线接触，改变了破岩机理，利于提高钻效。项目拟通过模拟试验、数据处理和理论分析等手段，制造0.1～2.0mm厚孕镶金刚石刀刃片研究其对岩石摩擦磨损性能的影响；结合3D打印工艺，以胎体的物理力学性能和对金刚石的支撑强度、包镶强度等出发，优化其配方体系；研究3D打印激光烧结参数对栅格状胎体中金刚石热损伤效应影响机制，改善胎体合金与金刚石间的界面结合性能；利用研制的各种不同性能和参数的微型钻头在不同规程下进行室内钻进试验，建立栅格状胎体刀刃化唇面钻头钻进性能评价体系，阐明栅格状胎体刀刃化唇面钻头的碎岩机理。

鉴于国民经济和社会发展围绕地球深部能源高效勘查与评价的需求和绿色钻探发展的需要，通过钻探技术直接从地下深部获取岩矿心是最直接方法，而普通孕镶金刚石钻头钻遇坚硬岩层时钻速缓慢，栅格状刀刃化唇面孕镶金刚石钻头可大幅度提高钻进效率。.本项目研究了将孕镶金刚石钻头设计为栅格状胎体刀刃化唇面，并利用3D打印技术来实现，探究了其破碎坚硬岩石的影响机制。栅格状钻头将胎体唇面刀刃化，刀刃厚度0.1～2.0mm，栅格间隙0.05～0.30mm，工作时与岩石为线接触，改变了破岩机理，利于提高钻效。项目研究中通过模拟试验、数据处理和理论分析等手段，制造0.1～2.0mm厚孕镶金刚石刀刃片研究其对岩石摩擦磨损性能的影响；结合3D打印工艺，以胎体的物理力学性能和对金刚石的支撑强度、包镶强度等出发，优化了钻头配方体系；研究了3D打印激光烧结参数对栅格状胎体中金刚石热损伤效应影响机制，改善胎体合金与金刚石间的界面结合性能；利用室内试验，建立栅格状胎体刀刃化唇面钻头钻进性能评价体系，阐明栅格状胎体刀刃化唇面钻头的碎岩机理。.项目研究结果表明：（1）栅格状刀刃化唇面孕镶金刚石钻头的栅格结构能有效提高钻压，比压由原来的 68.03 kgf/cm2增加到了113.33 kgf/cm2 ，提高了将近 67 %，使钻头能更有效地压入岩体，产生破碎穴及裂纹；栅格状刀刃化唇面结构有利于冲洗液的储存，改善了金刚石颗粒的冷却效果，以更加有利的拉裂破坏方式破碎岩石。（2）3D打印技术是一种智能制造技术，将其应用于孕镶金刚石钻头的制造是可行的。3D打印制造栅格状胎体刀刃化唇面金刚石钻头过程中，可使用高能束如激光等手段对胎体合金粉末进行烧结，在氩气保护下，激光光斑直径3mm，功率800W，扫描速度8.4mm/s时，可获得金刚石颗粒、胎体、钢体三者具有理想的结合性能，胎体合金粉末对金刚石颗粒浸润良好，并发生冶金化学反应。.本项目的研究结题，有助于推进高效孕镶金刚石钻头设计理论的建立，有利于加快3D打印技术更快更好地应用于金刚石工具制造行业。