基于土壤水运动机理的经验下渗～产流模式物理机制研究及实验验证

Study on hydrological process mechanism is the core content of hydrological response under environment change. The analysis of runoff generation mechanism is the basis and key of hydrological process mechanism, and internationally, the theory and experiment of this domain are the front of hydrological research. The explicit expressions of infiltration and runoff generation will be obtained in this project by solving Richards equations with no-Laplace method. The infiltartion and runoff generation will be calculated physically. The correctness of the infiltartion and runoff generation fomula will be validated by comparing calculated results and obtained results. The connection of explicit expressions will be built by analysing their relationship with empirical fomula (i.e. Horton, storage capacity curve fomula etc.) . The theoretical basis of the empirical formula will be discovered. The hydrological models with physical runoff generation module will be established by coupling the explicit expressions into classical hydrological models. The achievements of this research will be an important tool for hydrolgical simulation, hydrological forecasting and Flood prevention.

水文过程机理是认识环境变化背景下水文响应的核心内容，而下渗～产流机制的辨析则是水文过程机理研究的基础和关键，其理论内涵与实验分析是目前国际水文科学研究的前沿之一。本项目针对Richards方程这一水文学理论基础，采用非拉氏变换方法，解构和分析方程的定解问题，阐释下渗产流过程的物理机制，建立具有明确物理意义的下渗、产流理论表达式；结合大型土柱土壤水运动观测数据和实验小流域径流分层观测数据，验证建立的下渗产流理论公式的正确性；对比分析建立的下渗产流理论公式与经验公式（如霍顿公式、流域蓄水容量曲线等）之间的对应关系，辨析二者的联系，揭示经验下渗、产流过程的潜在理论依据；耦合建立的下渗产流理论公式至经典水文模型的产流计算模块中，构建具有明确物理意义产流计算模块的流域水文模型。研究成果将进一步揭示下渗～产流过程的本质，推动水文循环机理研究的发展，为流域水文模拟、水文预报和洪涝灾害防治提供支撑依据。

下渗～产流机理的研究是水文过程机理研究的基础和关键。本研究解构和分析了Richards方程的定解问题，建立了具有明确物理意义的下渗产流理论表达式；揭示了经验下渗产流公式的潜在理论依据；耦合理论下渗产流公式和经典水文模型，构建了具有明确物理意义产流计算模块的流域水文模型。研究成果揭示了下渗～产流过程的本质，推动了水文循环机理研究的发展，为流域水文模拟、水文预报和洪涝灾害防治提供了支撑依据。